The invention relates to the technical field of metal smelting, and discloses a method for removing lead, antimony, bismuth, selenium, tellurium and arsenic from copper anode slime by vacuum reduction. The method comprises the steps: S1, after drying and dispersing the copper anode slime, uniformly mixing the copper anode slime with a solid reducer; in a vacuum furnace, electrically heating to reduce and distill out lead, antimony, bismuth, selenium, tellurium and arsenic vaporized materials, and thus leaving over residues containing gold, silver and copper; S2, introducing smoke dust into a multistage condenser group, controlling the temperature gradient of the multistage condenser group, thus condensing lead, antimony, bismuth, selenium, tellurium and arsenic in the smoke dust in different condensers, and respectively obtaining lead, antimony, bismuth, selenium, tellurium and arsenic. The method adopts vacuum distillation and fractional condensation for the copper anode slime to separate lead, antimony, bismuth, selenium, tellurium and arsenic, therefore the removal rate is high, and the purity of recovered materials is high. Moreover, the process is simple, no sulfur dioxide is discharged, and the environment is not polluted..