The invention discloses a 40Cr steel surface antirust agent, which is composed of the following components in mass percentage: 10-14% of barium petroleum sulfonate, 4-7% of 80# microcrystalline wax, 59% of industrial castor oil, and water-based acrylic resin 11-14%, coal tar naphtha 3-4%, 96% concentrated hydrochloric acid 2-3%, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone 1-3%, wetting agent 1-2%, defoamer 1-2%, the present invention Excellent material selection and scientific processing methods have solved the problem of steel surface corrosion in the past and are conducive to anti-rust operations. The invention uses industrial castor oil as the dispersion medium, which is environmentally friendly and pollution-free; it does not contain toluene, ethylbenzene, di Toluene, low VOC, no formaldehyde, heavy metal content lower than the national mandatory standard, no irritating smell, can prevent corrosion, cavitation and scaling on the steel surface, form a protective layer, prolong the time of rust on the steel surface, and exclude it from the formula Instead of chromic acid or dichromate, it is low in cost, non-toxic, has no adverse effect on the skin, and has excellent construction performance, and has significant environmental, economic and social benefits.