The invention discloses a polyimide porous membrane and a lithium ion battery comprising the same. The polyimide porous membrane is prepared by the following method, and the method comprises the following steps: forming a polyamic acid membrane by using the mixture of a mixture containing polyamic acid, pore-forming substance and solvent, and subjecting the polyamic acid membrane to amidation at the temperature higher than the decomposing temperature of the pore-forming substance, wherein the solvent is a solvent which dissolves the polyamic acid but slightly dissolves or does not dissolve thepore-forming substance; and the pore-forming substance may be one or combination of benzoic acid polyol ester, phthalic acid dialkyl ester, polyprotic acid alkyl ester, phenyl alkysulfonate, chlorinated paraffin and epoxidized soybean oil. The service life and the processing yield of the lithium ion battery made of the polyimide porous membrane serving as a battery membrane are improved. Moreover, the polyimide porous membrane also has higher thermal stability, and greatly improves the safety performance of the battery.