The invention discloses an alkali cleaning fluxless or vacuum brazing sheet preparing method. The method comprises following steps that an alloy casting device is adopted, a casting ingot is casted, acore layer and a brazing layer are each subject to annealing, and then are hot rolled into thin sheets, all layers are welded together, hot rolling and cold rolling are carried out, finally, annealing is carried out, before welding, and a surface treatment method is executed. The surface treatment method comprises following steps that firstly, an organic solvent is used for cleaning the surface of an alkali cleaning fluxless or vacuum brazing sheet; secondly, alkali liquor is used for cleaning a product in the first step, and the product comprises one or multiple of 0 to 5wt% of sodium gluconate, 0 to 5wt% of sodium pyrophosphate, 0 to 10wt% of sodium carbonate, 0 to 3% of sodium phosphate and 1 to 10wt% of sodium bicarbonate, 0 to 1wt% of NaOH and 0 to 5wt% of sodium silicate; thirdly, asaturated EDTA solution or saturated isopropanol solution is used for cleaning the product in the second step; fourthly, a salpeter solution is adopted to carry out acid pickling on the product obtained in the third step; fifthly, washing is carried out. The corrosion to silicon particles is small, the pollution is small, good brazing gaps are ensured, and the good effect is obtained.