141results about How to "Good luminous stability" patented technology

The present invention relates to a detection method of quantum point labeled quick immunochromatographic test paper strip, belonging to the field of detection technology. Said invention is characterized by that the antibody of quantum point labeled objective material can be coated on the glass fibre membrane, another antibody of objective material and second antibody are respectively coated on the nitrocellulose membrane or nitrocellulose / acetyl cellulose mixed membrane to form detection band and quality control band, on the polyester or plastic plate the glass fibre membrane and nitrocellulose membrane can be made into the immunochromatographic test paper strip. Said invention also provides the concrete steps of said detection method by utilizing said test paper strip and the concrete application range of said test paper strip.

A polymeric electroluminescent device suppresses photo-oxidation and enhances luminous stability and efficiency by using a nanocomposite of a luminescent polymer and metal nanoparticles as its emitting layer.

The invention discloses a multi-layer white light LED (Light Emitting Diode) device with gradient refractive indexes and a packaging method thereof. The LED device is characterized in that n packaging layers are gradually packed on the LED device layer by layer, wherein n is not less than 1; fluorescent powder and nano-scattering diluents are uniformly mixed in the packaging layer; the refractive index of the packaging layer is less than that of an LED chip, and the refractive indexes of the n packaging layers which face outwards from the LED chip are reduced layer by layer. According to the LED device, by building the multi-layer white light LED device with the gradient refractive indexes, the extracting capacity of the white light LED device on the multi-layer white light LED device can be remarkably improved; furthermore, the device is high in quality and stable and reliable in performance.

The invention relates to emitting rare earth nm particle based on fluorescence energy transferring principle and the method to manufacture, and new style rare earth nm particle manufacturing and the surface decorating used for testing biology molecule mark and tracing. The rare earth nm particle is made up from emitting rare earth complexes as the core and covering SiO2. The rare earth complex is made up from organic ligand joining with a sensitization molecule and rare earth ion. The rare earth nm particle marker has good water solubility and long fluorescence lifetime. The surface of the particle could covalence joining plural probe molecule that could be used to testing or tracing the biology molecule.

The invention relates to an organic light emitting diode material which is characterized by consisting of a cathode, an anode and an organic semiconductor layer between the cathode and the anode. An organic semiconductor luminescent layer comprises an organic semiconductor compound as shown in the specification. The compound is characterized in that an aromatic hetero fused ring is connected to a benzene ring connected with phenanthroimidazole to improve charge injection and luminescent stability so as to obtain the luminescent performance which is high in stability, high in efficiency and long in service life.

The invention provides a TFT substrate, a manufacturing method thereof, an OLED panel and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method of the TFT substrate includes: forming a first interlayer insulating layer covering a grid and an active layer on a buffer layer, wherein the first interlayer insulating layer is made of silicon oxynitride and can protect copper on the surface of the grid from being oxidized, guarantee the performance stability of the grid and prevent excessive hydrogen from being guided into the active layer; forming a second interlayer insulating layer on the first interlayer insulating layer, wherein the second interlayer insulating layer is made of silicon oxide and can prevent excessive hydrogen from being guided into the active layer, guarantee the performance stability of the active layer and increase the work stability of a TFT device. The TFT substrate manufactured by the method has the advantages that the grid and the active layer of the TFT substrate are stable in performance, and the TFT device is high in work stability.

The invention relates to a blue light emitting functional material and the application, which relates to star shooting shape oligomer blue light emitting functional material and the application. The material is monodisperse star shooting shape oligomer on the basis of minami carbazolyl element, the oligomer has the structure of a general formula 1, the material contains minami carbazolyl element, has monodisperse star shooting shape three-dimensional space structure, is easy to form stable amorphous state, and displays excellent filming property and light emitting property. The material has potential application in the fields such as organic electroluminescence, organic laser, organic non-linear optical material and the like. Particularly, organic electroluminescent devices which utilize the functional material to be blue luminescent material have improved luminescent brightness, device efficiency, color purity and spectroscopic stability.

The invention relates to fluorescent powder / silicon-based mesoporous material composite fluorescent glass and a preparation method thereof. The fluorescent glass comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mol: 95-99.9% of silicon-based mesoporous material and 0.1-5% of fluorescent powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) weighing the raw materials, performing ball milling, mixing, and drying for later use; and (2) filling the powder after ball milling and drying into a graphite mold, placing in the chamber of a discharge plasma sintering furnace, sintering in vacuum, an inert atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere, then performing furnace cooling to room temperature, sanding, and polishing. In addition to the advantages of glass for the existing white light LED (light-emitting diode), the invention further ensures that the stability is more excellent in comparison with glass additionally containing alkali metal oxide, alkaline-earth metal oxide or other network modifier due to quartz glass used as the substrate material; and the preparation process is simple and low in cost, and has favorable application prospects.

The invention discloses an orange red light thermal activated delay fluorescent material which is 3,6,11-tri(9,9-dimethyl acridine-10(9H)-yl)-dibenzo[a,c] phenazine (3DMAC-BP). The fluorescent material has a rigid large-plane twisted structure and a remarkable internal charge transfer (ICT) effect, has an organic red thermal activated delay fluorescence property (TADF), a high fluorescence quantumyield (PLQY) and excellent thermal stability, and is simple in synthesis preparation steps, and raw materials are easy to obtain, synthesis and purification processes are simple, the yield is high and large-scale synthesis and preparation can be achieved. The organic electroluminescence device based on the material is capable of emitting orange red fluorescence (lambda=606nm), the external quantum efficiency EQE of the device is as high as 22%, and the device has the advantages of being low in driving voltage, good in light emission stability, and the like, and has good application prospectsin fields such as lighting, panel display, sensation, night vision, bioimaging and the like.

The invention relates to a composite luminescent material and a preparation method thereof and a light emitting diode (LED) luminescent device. The composite luminescent material comprises a plurality of layers of glass and fluorescent layers positioned among layers of the plurality of layers of glass, wherein a metal layer with a metal micro-nano structure is arranged in at least one of the layers of glass or on a contact surface of at least one of the layers of glass and the fluorescent layers. The metal micro-nano structure is introduced in the composite luminescent material and can form a surface plasma under the action of light rays emitted by a semiconductor chip and light rays emitted by fluorescent powder, and a strong exciting field is formed around the fluorescent powder by using local enhancement characteristic of the surface plasma, so the fluorescent powder can be fully excited and irradiated; moreover, by using energy transfer characteristic between the surface plasma and the fluorescent powder, radiation transition rate of the fluorescent powder is accelerated, and non-radiation transition of the fluorescent powder is suppressed, so the internal quantum efficiency of the fluorescent powder is improved, and the luminous efficiency of an LED packaged by the composite luminescent material is greatly enhanced.

The invention relates to a white light LED without fluorescent powder. A light-emitting diode is grown on a sapphire substrate; ion implantation of relevant color light is performed during the growth of the light-emitting diode. The implanted ions are excited by the light emission of the light emitting diode to emit light of the corresponding color, and various lights are mixed to generate white light, realizing a single-device white light emitting diode without phosphor. The white light LED provided by the present invention has no fluorescent powder, improves the energy conversion efficiency and life of the LED, improves the quality of the outgoing light, the stability of light emission and the repeatability of the product; The color rendering index lowers its color temperature.

The invention relates to aluminosilicate blue phosphor powder and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of luminescent material. The chemical formula of the aluminosilicate blue phosphor powder is Ba1-xAl2Si2O8:xEu<2+>, wherein x is more than 0 and less than 0.2. The preparation method comprises the following concrete steps: weighing barium salt, aluminum salt, silicic acid and europium oxide according to metering ratio of the elements in the chemical formula and proper amount of surfactant and fusing assistant; preparing a precipitating agent solution; dissolving the europium oxide by concentrated acid, and adding proper amount of deionized water to carry out water bath treatment; adding the barium salt, the aluminum salt and the surfactant, stirring the mixture, adding the precipitating agent solution into the mixture by multiple times, adjusting pH to more then or equal to 7, and continuously stirring the mixture for 0.5 to 4 hours; keeping standing or carrying out centrifugal precipitation, filtering, washing and drying the mixture to obtain a precursor; and after mixing the precursor and the fusing assistant evenly, placing the precursor and the fusing assistant into a muffle furnace protected by reducing atmosphere to calcine, so as to obtain the required phosphor powder. The preparation method adopts a one-time calcining technology and finishes doping at the same time of thermal decomposition of the precursor; and the prepared phosphor powder has the advantages of high luminous intensity and good stability and color rendering property, and is suitable to be used as near ultraviolet radiated blue phosphor powder of an LED excited by an InGaN tube core.

The invention is applicable to the technical field of photoelectricity. The invention provides a rare earth doped perovskite nanocrystal, a preparation method thereof and a photoelectric detector. Therare earth doped perovskite nanocrystal is obtained by taking CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystal as a matrix material and doping the Pb position of the CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystal with Yb<3+> ions and metal ions, wherein the X position of the CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystal is one of Cl, Br, I and F, and the metal ions are one of Mn<2+>, Cd<2+>, Ni<2+> and Cr<3+>. The rare earth doped perovskite nanocrystal provided by the embodiment of the invention has a good light-emitting effect and light-emitting stability, and is convenient to apply in practice. When the rare earth doped perovskite nanocrystal is applied to a photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector can realize wide-band response with the wavelength of 200-1100nm, so that the application value of the photoelectric detector canbe improved.

The invention relates to emitting rare earth nm particle based on fluorescence energy transferring principle and the method to manufacture, and new style rare earth nm particle manufacturing and the surface decorating used for testing biology molecule mark and tracing. The rare earth nm particle is made up from emitting rare earth complexes as the core and covering SiO2. The rare earth complex is made up from organic ligand joining with a sensitization molecule and rare earth ion. The rare earth nm particle marker has good water solubility and long fluorescence lifetime. The surface of the particle could covalence joining plural probe molecule that could be used to testing or tracing the biology molecule.

The invention relates to a chiral thermal activation delayed fluorescence material and a preparation method thereof. The delayed fluorescence material is R / S-18,21-di(10H-phenoxazine-10-yl)-3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-octahydrodibenzo[a,c]dinaphtho[2',1':5,6;1',2'':7,8][1,4]dioxin[2,3i]phenazine, or R / S-16,17-bis(4-(10H-phenoxazine-10-yl)phenyl)3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-octahydronaphthalo[2',1':5,6; 1',2'':7,8][1,4]dioxane[2,3g] quinoxaline. The compound provided by the invention has the characteristics of a rigid large-plane twisted structure and a remarkable internal charge transfer (ICT) effect, and has the advantages of typical thermal activation delayed fluorescence (TADF) property, circular polarization (CPL) property, high fluorescence quantum yield (PLQY), good thermal stability and the like. The method has the advantages of few synthesis and preparation steps, readily available raw materials, simple synthesis and purification processes and high yield, and can be used for large-scale synthesis andpreparation.

A method for preparing photoluminescent carbon nanodots includes preparing and drying a sample, ashing the sample, extracting the ashed sample with solvent, filtering the extracted sample, concentrating the filtered sample, dissolving the sample in water, and freeze-drying the dissolved sample. The sample is preferably a food waste residue or animal excrement.

The invention relates to a synthesis method of silicate green emitting phosphor powder for a near ultraviolet excited light emitting diode (LED), which belongs to the preparation technology of rear earth phosphor powder. The chemical formula of the silicate is Ba1-xSiO3:xEu<2+>, wherein x is more than 0 and less than 0.1. The synthesis method of the silicate green emitting phosphor powder comprises following steps of measuring barium salt, silicic acid, europium nitrate and surface active agent and cosolvent with defined amount as required according to the chemical formula; adequately mixing the barium salt, the silicic acid, the europium nitrate, the surface active agent and ligand with defined amount, and then ball-milling, and adding a lubricant with defined amount in the ball milling process; filtering, washing and drying to obtain the precursor; and mixing the precursor with the cosolvent to be calcined under a reduction atmosphere to obtain the needed phosphor powder. The phosphor powder prepared by the method has the characteristics of wide laser excitation wavelength, high light emitting intensity, good crystallization and narrow distribution of granularity and is suitable for being used as the green emitting phosphor powder for the near ultraviolet excited white LED.

The invention discloses an <18>F-labeled aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescent / positron emission tomography (PET) dual-mode probe, and a preparation method and application thereof. The compound is denoted as <18>F-TPE-TEG, and has a following structure. The synthesis method of a labelled precursor of the compound comprises the following steps: firstly, adding 2-bromo-1,1,2-triphenylethylene, 4-hydroxyphenylboronic acid and tetrabutylammonium bromide into tetrahydrofuran, and taking K2CO3 and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium as catalysts to carry out a reaction to obtain 4-hydroxytetraphenylethylene; then dissolving triethylene glycol, triethylamine and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in dichloromethane, and carrying out a reaction to obtain 8-p-toluenesulfonyloxy-3,6-dioxyoctanol;adding the 4-hydroxytetraphenylethylene, K2CO3, the 8-p-toluenesulfonyloxy-3,6-dioxyoctanol into acetonitrile, and carrying out a reaction to obtain 8-tetraphenylethyleneoxy-3,6-dioxyoctanol; and finally, dissolving the 8-tetraphenylethyleneoxy-3,6-dioxyoctanol, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine in dichloromethane, and carrying out a reaction to obtain the labelled precursor. The <18>F-labeled compound can be used as an AIE fluorescent / PET dual-mode probe to be applied to tumor imaging research.

The invention provides a stable method for preparing a nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing networked reduced graphene oxide in concentrated nitric acid, and heating in an oil bath to a temperature of 140-160 DEG C while magnetic stirring, and reacting at a constant temperature for 12-48 hours under circulating water condensation; removing circulating condensate water, continuously evaporating at the constant temperature for 2-3 hours, and cooling to a room temperature; adding ultrapure water for ultrasonic dispersion, filtering, performing rotary evaporation and concentration on the filtrate, and filling in a dialysis bag of 3000-8000Da to dialyze for 24-48 hours; and performing rotary evaporation and concentrationon the dialysate again, and performing vacuum freeze drying, thereby obtaining the nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots. The luminous stability of the nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot is improved to a certain degree, and complicated passivating treatment and mixed element doping processes in the traditional process of preparing the doped quantum dots are effectively simplified. Moreover, the charge transfer capacity of the quantum dots is effectively improved, and the application potential in more fields such as photoelectricity, biomedicine and the like is facilitated.

Provided is a method for preparing an OLED light-emitting device with a metal-enhanced fluorescence outer conversion layer. The invention provides a preparing method for a metal-enhanced fluorescence layer and an OLED device based on the method. The preparing method for the metal-enhanced fluorescence light-emitting layer includes the following steps of firstly, preparing a nanometer metal particle layer, wherein the nanometer metal particle layer is obtained by forming a metal film through vacuum evaporation and then conducting thermal treatment; secondly, preparing an organic fluorescence material solution, and evenly mixing the fluorescence material in high-molecular polymers; thirdly, preparing the metal-enhanced fluorescence outer conversion layer. The structure is prepared on the outer side of glass of an OLED, surface plasmas are formed on light waves emitted by the OLED device and metal nanometer particles on the outer side of the glass through the structure, and therefore the luminous intensity of fluorescent molecules is enhanced through the strong partial enhancing characteristic of the surface plasmas, the photoluminescence of the metal-enhanced fluorescence outer conversion layer of the OLED device is greatly enhanced. The OLED device with the metal-enhanced fluorescence outer conversion layer is simple in preparation process, low in device requirement and short in preparation cycle.

The invention discloses a quantum dots based luminescent solar concentrator (QDs-LSC) based on a spectral down-conversion technique, a flat concentrating photovoltaic device and a preparation method thereof. The QDs-LSC comprises a quantum dots based luminescent solar concentrating layer, and is characterized in that the upper surface of the quantum dots based luminescent solar concentrating layer is provided with a solar spectrum down-conversion layer; the lower surface of the quantum dots based luminescent solar concentrating layer and the upper surface of the solar spectrum up-conversion layer are provided with light-trapping layer glass pieces; the upper surface of the upper light-trapping layer glass piece is provided with a top antireflection layer for reducing the reflection of sunlight; and the lower surface of the lower light-trapping layer glass piece is provided with a bottom metal reflective layer. The flat concentrating photovoltaic device comprises solar panels arranged around the QDs-LSC. PCBs plated with conductive metal are fixedly disposed on the outer sides of the solar panels. The QDs-LSC can reduce the incident photon reflection loss and low-energy photon transmittance, thereby significantly improving the photon collection efficiency in the infrared band.

The invention provides organic-inorganic hybridized fluorescence nanoparticles capable of emitting color light as well as a preparation method thereof. The luorescence nanoparticles contain inorganicnanoparticles and organic fluorescence carbon points; the carbon points are attached to the surfaces of the inorganic nanoparticles; the particle size of the inorganic nanoparticles is between 30 nm and 280 nm and the mass ratio is between 95 percent and 99.5 percent; the particle size of the carbon points is between 2 nm and 6 nm and the mass ratio is between 0.5 percent and 5 percent; and blue,green or red fluorescence can be emitted under the irradiation of ultraviolet light. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and short in cycle; and the nanoparticles are bright inlight-emitting color, high in light-emitting intensity, high in light-emitting stability and non-toxic, and avoid environmental pollution.

A synthetic method of silicate orange red fluorescent powder for a white-light light-emitting diode (LED) belongs to a preparation technique of rare earth phosphor. The chemical formula of the rare earth phosphor is Sr3-x-yMySiO5:Xeu2+(M=Mg, Ca and Ba), wherein 0<x<0.1, and 0<y<0.2. The synthetic method particularly comprises steps of weighting corresponding alkali metal salt, ethyl orthosilicate and europium nitrate according to stoichiometric ratio of each element; then weighting a surface active agent and a fluxing agent which are 0.1-2wt% of a total mass of a drug; sufficiently hydrolyzing the ethyl orthosilicate, mixing the alkali metal salt, the europium nitrate, the surface active agent and the chelating agent in an aqueous solution, and enabling the molar ratio of the reactant and the chelating agent to be 1:2-6; and then mixing the two solutions, sufficiently stirring to form a transparent and clear solution, ageing under constant temperature, drying to obtain predecessor powder, evenly mixing the predecessor powder and a cosolvent, burning for 3-6 hours in a reducing atmosphere, enabling the burning temperature to be 1100 DEG C-1400 DEG C, and then obtaining the needed fluorescent powder. The fluorescent powder prepared by the synthetic method is wide in excitation wavelength, high in light intensity, good in crystallinity and narrow in size distribution and can be used for red fluorescent powder for the white-light LED.

The invention discloses an organic metal complex, a synthesis method and an organic light-emitting device thereof and belongs to the technical field of organic photoelectric materials. Ligands different in Pi conjugation degree are complexed with transition metal ions, ligand groups are bridged through heteroatoms to form a novel organic metal quadridentate complex, conjugation is prolonged, planarity and rigidity of molecules are improved, directional migration of charge is facilitated, and nonradiative transition of the complex in the process of electroluminescence is lowered, so that light-emitting efficiency, thermostability and thermodynamic stability of a material are improved, and the complex can be used as a phosphorescence doping material in organic electroluminescent devices. Synthesis raw materials of the complex are conventional, and the synthesis method is simple and easy to operate. The organic light-emitting device prepared from the organic metal complex is high in light-emitting efficiency, stable in light color and high in membrane stability and thermostability.

The invention discloses an eosin based metal-organic framework for hydrogen production driven by visible light and a preparation method thereof. The metal-organic framework is prepared by a hydrothermal reaction with a soluble salt of cadmium by taking eosin as a main ligand and 4,4'-bipyridine as an auxiliary ligand. The chemical formula of the metal-organic framework is [Mm(L1)n(L2)b(H2O).(H2O)q], wherein, the L1 is the eosin, the L2 is the 4,4'-bipyridine, the M is a metal ion Cd<2+>, m=1, n=1, b=0.5, and q=4. The metal-organic framework provided by the invention has excellent luminescent stability, high chemical resistance and high catalytic performance, and can be used for visible light-driven photolysis of water to produce hydrogen. The preparation process is simple, environmentallyfriendly, low in cost, and easy in large-scale preparation.

The invention discloses a flexible organic light emission diode, comprising a flexible substrate, a buffer layer, an anode, an organic light emission unit, a cathode and an encapsulated layer which are sequentially laminated. The buffer layer is formed by alternatively laminating an organic buffer film and an inorganic buffer film by three to five times. The material of the organic buffer film is copper phthalocyanine, or zinc phthalocyanine or platinum phthalocyanine. The material of the inorganic buffer film is silica or alumina. According to the flexible organic light emission diode, the buffer layer is formed by alternatively laminating the organic buffer film and the inorganic buffer film by three to five times, the organic buffer film reduces internal stress when the flexible substrate and the internal of the inorganic buffer film perform bending operation, the overall toughness of the buffer layer is improved, during the flexure operation, the buffer layer cannot fall off the flexible substrate easily, and the light emission stability of the flexible organic light emission diode is good. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the abovementioned organic light emission diode.

The invention discloses a natural albite luminescent material doped with rare earth ions and a preparation method and application of the material. The luminescent material is prepared by adopting a natural albite mineral without any modification treatment as a substrate and making the rare earth ions permeate into crystal lattices of the natural albite mineral by means of a suspension liquid combustion method, wherein the mole ratio of the rare earth ions to the natural albite mineral is (0.001-0.15):1. According to the natural albite luminescent material, the natural albite is used as the substrate, the cost is reduced, and meanwhile the added value of the natural mineral is increased; the preparation method is simple in process, low in energy consumption and suitable for industrial production and application; the luminescent material prepared by means of the method is irradiated by an ultraviolet lamp to emit strong green light and can be widely applied to the field of optics.

The invention relates to energy-saving lamp fluorescent powder which consists of a component A, a component B and a component C, wherein the component A consists of Y2O3, BaCO3, MgO and MoO3 by weight; the component B consists of Sb2O3, CaF2, BaO.Al2O3 and SrCO3; and the component C consists of CaHPO4, Na2B4O7 and Y2O3. The energy-saving lamp fluorescent powder provided by the invention is uniform in luminous effect, high in luminous stability and high in luminous strength during use, and the luminous flux of the manufactured energy-saving lamp can be 75lm / w. Moreover, the processing method of the fluorescent powder is simple, dry gas protection is used in the processing process and during subsequent treatment, the drying step is eliminated, and the processing time consumption is low.

The invention relates to an electroluminescent device based on a chiral thermal activation delayed fluorescent material. The electroluminescent device comprises a chiral thermal activation delayed fluorescent material doped light-emitting layer, wherein a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a barrier layer, a light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layerand a cathode are sequentially evaporated on an anode in vacuum, so that the electroluminescent device based on the chiral thermal activation delayed fluorescence material is obtained. The circular polarization electroluminescent device based on the chiral thermal activation delayed fluorescence material can emit yellow or orange red fluorescence (lambda=548 or 600 nm), the external quantum efficiency EQE of the device reaches 28.3% and 20.3%, the asymmetric factors are 6.0*10<-4> and 2.4*10<-3>, and the electroluminescent device has the advantages of being low in driving voltage, good in light emitting stability and the like.

The invention relates to a medical immunodetection method and particularly relates to a method for using quantum-dot labeled immunochromatography test paper to detect treponema pallidum by an immunological method. The quantum-dot labeled immunochromatography test paper is characterized in that a plastic board is stuck with a glass cellulose membrane A, a glass cellulose membrane B of a quantum-dot labeled treponema pallidum IgG monoclonal antibody, a nitrocellulose membrane and water absorbing paper from bottom to top in sequence, wherein one end of the nitrocellulose membrane is provided with treponema pallidum polyclonal antibody and rabbit antimouse second antibody so as to form a detecting band T and a quality control band C; the quantum-dot labeled treponema pallidum IgG monoclonal antibody is positioned at one end of the glass cellulose membrane and corresponds to the detecting band T and the quality control band C, and the quantum-dot labeled treponema pallidum IgG monoclonal antibody is positioned at one end of a sampling point. The method has the advantages that high specificity of immunoreactions and the fluorescence characteristic of quantum dots are combined, so that the detection sensitivity is about 1000 times higher than that of the current commonly-used colloidal gold detection method.