The invention discloses a method for preparing calcium-magnesium carbonate mineral Cal-xMgxCO3 at a high temperature under high pressure. The method includes evenly grinding and mixing analytically-pure calcium carbonate, magnesium oxalate powder and anhydrous oxalic acid to obtain a mixture serving as an initial raw material, pressing the mixture into a cylinder by a tablet machine, inserting a cylindrical sample into a platinum tube, sealing two ends of the platinum tube by a welding gun, putting the sample sealed by platinum in an h-BN tube by taking h-BN as a pressure transfer medium, assembling the sample in the h-BN tube in a high-pressure combined assembly block, putting the high-pressure combined assembly block in a cubic press for high-temperature high-pressure reaction, taking out the reacted sample, opening the platinum tube by a diamond cutter, and naturally air-drying the sample to obtain calcium-magnesium carbonate minerals. By the method, the technical problems such as operation process complexity, long reaction time, and low purity, low chemical stability and proneness to water absorption of obtained samples in existing calcium-magnesium carbonate mineral preparation methods are solved.