1074 results about "Chemical adsorption" patented technology

An apparatus and method for plasma enhanced monolayer (PEM) processing, wherein excited species from a non-condensable gas plasma are delivered to a substrate surface during the reaction of a chemical precursor with a previously chemisorbed monolayer on the substrate surface; the excited species lower the activation energy of the monolayer formation reaction and also modulate the film properties. In preferred embodiments a process reactor has linear injectors arranged diametrically above a substrate and reactive gases are sequentially injected onto the substrate surface while it is being rotated. The reactor can be operated in pulse precursor and pulsed plasma, constant precursor and constant plasma modes, or a combination thereof.

A sorbent-based gas storage and dispensing system, including a storage and dispensing vessel containing a solid-phase physical sorbent medium having a sorbate gas physically adsorbed thereon. A chemisorbent material is provided in the vessel to chemisorb the impurities for gas phase removal thereof in the storage and dispensing vessel. Desorbed sorbate gas is discharged from the storage and dispensing vessel by a dispensing assembly coupled to the vessel. The chemisorbent may be provided in a capsule including an impurity-permeable, but sorbate gas-impermeable membrane, and installed in the vessel at the time of sorbent material loading. Semiconductor manufacturing processes and products manufactured by such processes are described.

The invention discloses an extensive wastewater treatment capture agent. The capture agent is prepared from an organic coagulant, an inorganic coagulant, a coagulant aid, a binder and a modifier. The colloid charge balance in sewage is broken by ionization of the capture agent in water, and pollutants are subjected to physical and chemical adsorption and subjected to consolidation settlement, so as to achieve the target of reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and storativity (SS). The extensive wastewater treatment capture agent is simple in application process, quick to take effect, wide in adaptability and broad in market prospect.

The present invention provides catalytic adsorbents formed from doping activated carbon with a dispersed halide salt. The catalytic adsorbents provided herein are stable and harmless at room temperature, yet allow for chemical adsorption at elevated temperatures typical of those for flue gas streams. The present invention also provides methods of manufacturing the doped activated carbon adsorbents.

The present invention provides catalytic adsorbents formed from doping activated carbon with a dispersed halide salt. The catalytic adsorbents provided herein are stable and harmless at room temperature, yet allow for chemical adsorption at elevated temperatures typical of those for flue gas streams. The present invention also provides methods of manufacturing the doped activated carbon adsorbents.

A continuous monitoring method and system wherein a porous substrate or film is used. The air from the environment is drawn through a region of the porous substrate by a simple air pump and the substances in the air are deposited or chemically adsorbed onto the surface of the substrate. The region of the substrate where the environmental air is drawn through is continuously monitored by an optical or spectrometric method. The substrate is in the form of a tape supplied by a feed reel in a reel-to-reel cartridge and taken up by a take-up reel as found in a film cartridge or a magnetic tape cartridge. The cartridge can be replaceable. A variety of materials may be employed as the substrate with an adequate surface area to effect accumulation of solid, liquid, aerosol, or gas phase compounds. An optical interrogation system is engineered such that the surface of the tape at the point where air from the environment is drawn through the substrate becomes the interaction region between the source output and the sample. As material from the environment accumulates in this region, the interaction of the source with the material is monitored by a suitable detector and supporting circuitry.

The invention discloses an MOFs (metal-organic frameworks) based carbon dioxide adsorbent, which includes MOFs and organic amine loaded in the pore channels and on the surface of MOFs. The mass ratio of the MOFs to the organic amine is 0.1-10:1. The MOFs based carbon dioxide adsorbent provided by the invention realizes the combined action of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption and can adsorb and store carbon dioxide at medium and low temperature, and regeneration and reutilization of the adsorbent can be realized under certain condition. The MOFs based carbon dioxide adsorbent has good adsorption capacity, high selectivity and cycling stability on carbon dioxide, and can overcome the disadvantages of easy volatilization and easy corrosion of equipment in organic amine so as to meet the industrial processing requirements. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the MOFs based carbon dioxide adsorbent and application of the adsorbent in adsorption of carbon dioxide in flue gas.

This is a method and apparatus for combined gravity separation-filtration for conducting physical, physical-chemical, chemical, and biological processes in solid-liquid systems; including but not limited to separation of dispersed solids from liquids, separation of alkalinity from the liquid stream, chemical acid-base interactions, chemical oxidation-reduction, chemical dissolution-precipitation, physical chemical adsorption, ion exchange, mass transfer in any combinations of multiple liquid-solid-gas phases, biological oxidation-reductions, biological growth, and combinations of these processes; gravity separation steps can be conducted in rectangular horizontal unidirectional flow clarifiers, rectangular or circular radial flow clarifiers, rectangular or circular vertical flow clarifiers, lamella clarifiers, suspended sludge blanket clarifiers, fluidized bed separators, and combinations thereof, wherein the filtration step is disposed in the upper portion of the combined process or side-by-side with clarification step; filtration steps are conducted in single or multiple attachment media filters, including particulate filter media either heavier than liquid or floating; liquid filtered through the attachment media is collected by holed pipes, screens, or membranes. Reagents can be introduced before the gravity separation and / or before filtration steps. This method and apparatus can be used for municipal and industrial water purification and wastewater treatment for removal of a broad range of admixtures including BOD / COD, suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus, organics imparting color, salts of hardness, heavy metals, and other constituents of admixture.

This invention includes atomic layer deposition methods of depositing oxide comprising layers on substrates. In one implementation, a substrate is positioned within a deposition chamber. A first species is chemisorbed to form a first species monolayer onto the substrate within the deposition chamber from a gaseous first precursor. The chemisorbed first species is contacted with a gaseous second precursor effective to react with the first species to form an oxide of a component of the first species monolayer. The contacting at least in part results from flowing O3 to the deposition chamber, with the O3 being at a temperature of at least 170° C. at a location where it is emitted into the deposition chamber. The chemisorbing and the contacting are successively repeated to form an oxide comprising layer on the substrate. Additional aspects and implementations are contemplated.

A closed loop system for generating mechanical energy at high efficiencies. The system can have a heating source, a superheater, an expander, a receiver, an absorber, a desorber, and regenerator with pumps and controls. The superheater heats a working fluid (a refrigerant or steam). A positive liquid / vapor expander expands a low temperature refrigerant, or steam vapor to the saturated state (having both liquid and vapor parts) utilizing a low-pressure sub-atmospheric exhaust sink. An absorber, generates a low-pressure sub-atmospheric sink using chemosorption which involves the exothermic reaction / absorption of ammonia refrigerant in water. The desorber is used to reconstitute inlet vapor (for reuse) and the regenerator recovers heat generated by chemosorption. The system can meet electrical power needs for residences, businesses or office buildings. The system can supply electrical energy to power grids, and can be an alternative power generation plants.

The present invention provides catalytic adsorbents formed from doping activated carbon with a dispersed halide salt. The catalytic adsorbents provided herein are stable and harmless at room temperature, yet allow for chemical adsorption at elevated temperatures typical of those for flue gas streams. The present invention also provides methods of manufacturing the doped activated carbon adsorbents.

The invention provides a method for simultaneously removing phosphorous and nitrogen through the synergistic effect of nanoscale-iron and microbes. The method is characterized in that firstly limonite ore is broken and sieved so as to obtain particulate materials with the required particle size, the particulate materials mainly comprising nanoscale iron and having millimeter particle size and the porous structure characteristic are prepared through high temperature reduction under a hydrogen or carbon monoxide atmosphere, the nanoscale iron in the particulate materials slowly release nascent hydrogen atoms and hydrogen gas, and nitrate is chemically reduced; meanwhile, the particulate materials have relatively high void ratio, and abundant function anaerobic microbe denitrifying bacteria adhere to the inner parts and the outer surfaces of the particulate materials and reduce the nitrate by using hydrogen released through reaction between the nanoscale-iron and water as electron donors; adherent dependent nitrate iron-oxidizing bacteria also have the effect of reducing the nitrate; the nitrate in wastewater is removed under the chemical action of the nanoscale-iron and the synergistic effects of the anaerobic microbes; ferrous and ferric hydroxides are continuously formed on the inner surfaces and the outer surfaces of the porous particulate materials through the chemical reaction of the nanoscale-iron and water and the synergistic effect of the anaerobic microbes, so that the chemical adsorption of phosphorous in water is promoted, thus the effect of simultaneously removing phosphorous and nitrogen is achieved.

A system and method to remove a polluting agent or contaminant, including but not limited to mercury, from the liquid phase of a process system using an adsorbent. In one exemplary embodiment, a magnetic or non-magnetic support with a chemisorbing or physisorbing sorbent is suspended in the liquid phase of a process system, under conditions in which the polluting agent binds to the adsorbent. The pollutant-bearing adsorbent may then be separated from the process system by either physical or magnetic means. The polluting agent may then disassociated from the adsorbent so the adsorbent is regenerated and capable of repeated use.

The invention belongs to the technical fields of materials and biology, and in particular relates to a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tag microsphere and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: reducing silver nitrate solution by using a reducing agent by taking a polymer microsphere of which the surface is provided with a carboxyl functional group as a template by an in-situ chemical reduction method to prepare a composite microsphere with uniform and compact surface silver nanoparticle coverage degree; and cladding a silicon dioxide shell by using a chemical adsorption Raman probe molecule and a silane coupling agent by a sol-gel method to obtain the SERS tag microsphere with high SERS activity. The SERS tag microsphere has monodispersity, high stability and high biocompatibility, a silicon dioxide surface is easily modified into functional groups such as an amino group or carboxyl and the like, and the SERS tag microsphere is chemically combined with a biomolecule and is applied to the fields of immunoassay, biomedical imaging, disease treatment and the like. The method is easy to operate, and has a controllable process and a good application prospect.

The invention discloses a process for treating mine wastewater containing sulfur minerals, As, Pb and Cd, which comprises the following steps: (1) performing blast aeration and oxidation treatment on the mine wastewater containing the sulfur minerals, As, Pb and Cd in an aeration tank; (2) neutralizing and coagulating the wastewater after the aeration and oxidation in a neutralization tank and controlling the pH to be between 8.6 and 9.5; (3) standing and depositing the wastewater after the neutralization and the coagulation treatment in a sedimentation tank; and (4) after the wastewater is clear after standing for a certain period of time, performing advanced treatment on heavy metal in a supernatant in a physical and chemical adsorption device and an activated carbon filtering system to obtain clean water meeting the environmental-protection or agricultural requirement. Through the process, peculiar smell in the mine wastewater can be eliminated, the wastewater color is changed to be normal, and the requirement of the quality of mine wastewater containing the discharged sulfur minerals, As, Pb and Cd in 'Standards for irrigation water quality' (GB5084-2005) can be met.

An outer plate 31, which is used under a lubricated environment of a differential gear oil including a friction adjuster, is made of a SC tempered material which is subjected to nitriding treatment to suppress chemical adsorption of the friction adjuster. An inner plate 33 has paper on a surface thereof. The outer plate 31 and the inner plate 33 are provided to apply or release the torque between an outer differential case 3 and an inner differential case 5 of a rear differential device 1 having the outer differential case 3 and the inner differential case 5 capable of relatively rotating to the inside and the outside.

A surface treating agent for resist pattern, characterized by containing not only a chemical species having a functional group capable of chemical adsorption to resist pattern and a polymerizable group but also a solvent.

In present ivnention the aliphatic acid which is easy to be adsorbed on the solid surface is used as raw material, with the chemical adsorption property of active group being in solution on some solids (silver and aluminium oxide) and sol-gel method to prepare solid film and self-assemble stable and ordered unimolecular aliphatic acid extra-thin film with low surface energy on it. It is characterized by that toxicity of raw material is low, film is compact and uniform, its preparation process is simple, said film possesses good abrasion-resistance, anti-friction property and antisticking property, and said ivnented aliphatic acid unimolecular film and solid film also have good combination property.

The present invention relates to one kind of functional fiber and the multifunctional fibers thereof. The functional fiber includes basic fiber polymer and functional additive in the weight ratio of 60-96 to 4-40, the basic fiber polymer may be wet spun and the functional additive is superfine adsorbent of average diameter of 0.01-20 microns. The multifunctional fibers are produced with the functional fiber of the present invention and through further ionizing treatment, and include strong acid ion exchange multifunctional fiber, weak acid cation exchange multifunctional fiber, multiple-functional group ion exchange multifunctional fiber and alkali anion exchange multifunctional fiber. The functional fiber has excellent physical adsorption property; and the multifunctional fibers have both physical adsorption effect and chemical adsorption effect, and may be used in treating electroplating effluent, treating food industry waste water, purifying automatic tail gas, etc.

Described herein are compositions and methods for capturing carbonylic or phenolic toxicants, or converting these toxicants into less volatile compounds. The toxicants, which may be a component of cigarette smoke, may be captured by physical or chemical adsorption, absorption, or entrapment.

A method is for hydrophobization of a surface of a silicon-containing film by atomic layer deposition (ALD), wherein the surface is subjected to atmospheric exposure. The method includes: (i) providing a substrate with a silicon-containing film formed thereon; and (ii) forming on a surface of the silicon-containing film a hydrophobic atomic layer as a protective layer subjected to atmospheric exposure, by exposing the surface to a silicon-containing treating gas without exciting the gas. The treating gas is capable of being chemisorbed on the surface to form a hydrophobic atomic layer thereon.

The invention provides high-intensity high-hydroscopicity medical dressing containing carboxymethyl cellulose and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following specific steps: preparing carboxymethyl cellulose non-woven fabric through two steps of alkali added aqueous medium process; combining the obtained carboxymethyl cellulose non-woven fabric with a non-woven fabric to form a unit through needling, so as to prepare the high-intensity high-water absorbability medical dressing containing carboxymethyl cellulose. The dressing has the advantages that the substituted ratio of the prepared carboxymethyl cellulose non-woven fabric is controlled among 0.1-.05, and the substitution is uniform; the space physical adsorption property of the carboxymethyl cellulose non-woven fabric is kept, and meanwhile, the chemical adsorption performance is improved; the obtained carboxymethyl cellulose non-woven fabric and the non-woven fabric are compounded to a unit, which improves the dryness strength of the dressing prepared by the invention, beautifies the appearance, and improves the hand feeling. Besides, the method is simple and convenient in preparation technology and lower in cost.

A method is provided which includes dispensing and removing different deposition solutions during an electroless deposition process to form different sub-films of a composite layer. Another method includes forming a film by an electroless deposition process and subsequently annealing the microelectronic topography to induce diffusion of an element within the film. Yet another method includes reiterating different mechanisms of deposition growth, namely interfacial electroless reduction and chemical adsorption, from a single deposition solution to form different sub-films of a composite layer. A microelectronic topography resulting from one or more of the methods includes a film formed in contact with a structure having a bulk concentration of a first element. The film has periodic successions of regions each comprising a region with a concentration of a second element greater than a set amount and a region with a concentration of the second element less than the set amount.

The invention relates to an ionic liquid precursor and a mesoporous material for supporting the ionic liquid precursor, synthesis and application. A preparation method comprises the following steps of: 1) synthesizing the ionic liquid precursor; 2) synthesizing the mesoporous material for supporting the ionic liquid precursor; and 3) acidizing or alkalifying the synthesized mesoporous material for supporting the ionic liquid precursor according to the requirements so as to obtain a target product. The loading capacity of the mesoporous material for supporting the ionic liquid precursor is relatively adjusted, and a mesoporous material for supporting functionalized ionic liquid can be obtained by further acidizing or alkalifying the material according to the requirements. The amount, strength of acid and alkali, properties, variety and the like of ionic liquid supported on the material are adjustable, so that the material can meet the demand of application such as various acid and alkaline catalytic reactions, chemical adsorption and separation and the like. By the material, the using amount of the ionic liquid is greatly reduced, the better catalytic effect is achieved when the material is applied to aldol condensation reactions, and the recycling of a catalyst can be realized. The kind of material is expected to be used for catalyzing more chemical reactions, and may be applied in the fields of adsorption, separation, ionic conductance and the like.

A method for cleaning the electrochemical catalyst of fuel cell electrodes that is performed by applying a power pulse, using a low-power supply, across the fuel cell electrodes. The power pulse removes chemisorbed chemical species from the electrochemical catalyst of the electrodes.

The invention provides a quaternized chitosan modified bentonite adsorption material. Chitosan for sodium based bentonite is modified at first, chitosan macromolecules are compounded with the bentonite, on the one hand, characteristics of high expansion, high suspension and the like of the bentonite in the waste water can be reduced, on the other hand, the problem that the chitosan is small in density, floats easily and is difficultly in contact with pollutants in a solution is solved; the chitosan sodium based bentonite is subjected to intercalation modification by using (2,3-glycidyl) trimethylammonium chloride as a modifying agent to obtain the quaternized chitosan modified bentonite adsorption material with a layered hole structure, the bentonite adsorption material has large specific surface area and has good adsorption property on the lead ions in the waste water, the maximum adsorption amount can reach 91.81 mg / g, and therefore, the quaternized chitosan modified bentonite adsorption material conforms to a Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and a quasi-second-order kinetic model, belongs to monomolecular-layer adsorption and is chemical adsorption.