The invention relates to a self-crosslinked hydroformylated bacterial cellulose porous nano-material and a preparation method thereof. The material comprises bacterial cellulose, polysaccharides or polypeptides, an antibacterial agent and a foaming agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving the polysaccharides or polypeptides, stirring the polysaccharides or polypeptides to form a solution, adding a certain amount of dispersed hydroformylated bacterial cellulose, a certain amount of the antibacterial agent (or antibacterial sol) and a certain amount of the foaming agent to the solution, stirring all above materials to make bubbles uniformly exist in the obtained mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution to a die, quenching the above sample, placing the quenched sample in a vacuum lyophilizer, and carrying out vacuum drying to prepare the self-crosslinked degradable polysaccharide or polypeptide composite hydroformylated bacterial cellulose functional porous nano-material. The material has the inherent good mechanical performances of a porous material, also as the advantages of good biocompatibility, fast dry state wetting rate, good attachment to skins, and good antibacterial function, and can be used as various medical wound repairing materials, multifunctional wound dressings and novel tissue engineering scaffolds.