1266results about How to "Low oxygen" patented technology

The invention provides methods to detect molecular recognition events. The invention also provides methods to detect the presence of or identify a target species based on its interaction with one or more probe species. The methods of the invention are based on amplification of the signal due to each molecular recognition event. The amplification is achieved through photopolymerization, with the polymer formed being associated with the molecular recognition event. In an embodiment, a fluorescent polymer, a magnetic polymer, a radioactive polymer or an electrically conducting polymer can form the basis of detection and amplification. In another embodiment, a polymer gel swollen with a fluorescent solution, a magnetic solution, a radioactive solution or an electrically conducting solution can form the basis of detection and amplification. In another embodiment, sufficient polymer forms to be detectable by visual inspection.

A method of lowered NOx combustion is taught wherein the kinetic rate of NOx formation is reduced for a given combustion temperature in a gas turbine combustor. A supply of fuel is provided along with a supply of ambient air in sufficient quantity to form a fuel / air mixture having an equivalence ratio greater than about 0.55 when mixed with the fuel. The fuel / air mixture is mixed with a supply of cooled combustion gases in sufficient quantity such that the oxygen content of the resulting air mixture is less than about 18 percent. The resulting air mixture is then passed into the combustor.

Methods (100) are provided for fabricating a ferroelectric capacitor in a semiconductor device wafer, comprising forming (118) a lower electrode, depositing (126) PZT ferroelectric material on the lower electrode at a temperature below 450 degrees C., and forming (128) an upper electrode on the PZT. Methods are also provided for fabricating a ferroelectric memory cell in a semiconductor device wafer, comprising forming (106) a transistor in the wafer, forming (108) a nickel silicide structure on the gate or a source / drain of the transistor, forming (110) a dielectric over the transistor, forming (112) a conductive contact extending through the dielectric to the silicide structure, forming (114, 116, 118, 120) a lower electrode on at least a portion of the conductive contact, forming (126) PZT ferroelectric material above and in contact with the lower electrode at a temperature below 450 degrees C., forming (128, 132) an upper electrode above and in contact with the PZT, and patterning (134) the upper electrode, the PZT, and the lower electrode to form a patterned ferroelectric capacitor.

The invention discloses a method and equipment of sealed chamber atmosphere deoxygenization and circulating purification for a metal 3D printer. A gas inlet and a gas outlet are respectively formed in two ends of a forming chamber; the gas inlet and the gas outlet are mutually connected through a gas circulating pipeline; a first pneumatic butterfly valve, a dust purifier, a second pneumatic butterfly valve and a water removal drier are arranged on the gas circulating pipeline; a branch pipeline is arranged on the gas circulating pipeline between the second pneumatic butterfly valve and the water removal drier; the tail end of the branch pipeline is connected with a vacuum pump; a molecular sieve and a vacuum pipeline solenoid valve are arranged on the branch pipeline; the forming chamber is connected with an inert gas source. According to the method, firstly the oxygen content in the forming chamber is reduced to a required range before machining, and gas circulating purification is started during machining, so that gas purity degree in the forming chamber is kept; pressure detection and oxygen content detection are introduced, so that the oxygen content and pressure are within a reasonable range at all time during machining. The method and the equipment improve the forming efficiency and quality of the 3D printer, and guarantee the safety and the reliability of the machining process.

A tar sand volatilizer system thermally removes petroleum crude oil from tar sands or shale oil. A series of heated augers or thermal screws are used to elevate material temperature gradually using conductive heat transfer. The thermal screws blades and auger case receive a heated fluid. The screws are driven by variable speed drive systems. The unit is sized for any throughput rate desired. Hot clean material discharges into a rotary cooler and re-hydrator unit. The exhaust gases are pulled through a high temperature filter collector for particulate removal. The particulate free petroleum vapor laden hot gas exits the filter house into a multi stage condenser system with water chillers where the vapor temperature is gradually cooled. A microwave upgrader system processes crude oil using catalyst injected microwave technology to produce a diesel like fuel oil in a continuous process stream.

An EGR mixer comprises an upstream conduit section having a contracting flow area in a direction of air flow through the mixer, a downstream conduit section having an expanding flow area in the direction of air flow through the mixer, a slot formed in the downstream conduit section for admitting exhaust to the air flow, and an abrupt flow-expanding ridge disposed between the upstream and downstream conduit sections. With the EGR mixer configured in this manner, recirculated exhaust may be effectively homogenized into an intake air flow with reduced drag.

An improved system based on the Czochralski process for continuous growth of a single crystal ingot comprises a low aspect ratio, large diameter, and substantially flat crucible, including an optional weir surrounding the crystal. The low aspect ratio crucible substantially eliminates convection currents and reduces oxygen content in a finished single crystal silicon ingot. A separate level controlled silicon pre-melting chamber provides a continuous source of molten silicon to the growth crucible advantageously eliminating the need for vertical travel and a crucible raising system during the crystal pulling process. A plurality of heaters beneath the crucible establish corresponding thermal zones across the melt. Thermal output of the heaters is individually controlled for providing an optimal thermal distribution across the melt and at the crystal / melt interface for improved crystal growth. Multiple crystal pulling chambers are provided for continuous processing and high throughput.

The invention relates to oxide-dispersion-strengthening ferrite / martensitic steel with the excellent high-temperature strength and the good oxidation resistance and a preparing method of the oxide-dispersion-strengthening ferrite / martensitic steel. The oxide-dispersion-strengthening ferrite / martensitic steel comprises 8% to 10% of Cr, 0.5% to 2% of W, 1.5% to 5.5% of Al, 0.1% to 0.4% of V, 0.1% to 0.5% of Mn, 0% to 1.0% of Zr, 0% to 1.0% of Hf and 0.25% to 0.5% of Y2O3. The content of C and the content of N are controlled to be lower than 0.1%, and at least one kind of the Hf and the Zr is contained; the oxygen content of atomized powder is controlled to be lower than 0.05 wt.%, the atomized powder with the particle size ranging from 50 meshes to 200 meshes is selected to be mechanically alloyed with Al powder, Zr powder, Hf powder and Y2O3 powder, and the size of obtained powder ranges from 90 micrometers to 200 micrometers; silicate glass is used for wrapping, compressing and molding, the pressure is started to be boosted to 120 MPa to 180 MPa at the temperature of 850 DEG C, a two-stage sintering manner in which the temperature ranging from 850 DEG C to 950 DEG C is kept for 1 hour and the temperature ranging from 1050 DEG C to 1150 DEG C is kept for 1 hour is adopted, the tensile strength of the finally-obtained ferrite / martensitic steel at the temperature of 700 DEG C ranges from 250 MPa to 320 MPa, and the ductility of the finally-obtained ferrite / martensitic steel at the temperature of 700 DEG C ranges from 18% to 32%; and the oxidation performance of the dispersion-strengthening steel is also greatly improved on the premise that the high-temperature strength and the high-temperature plasticity are guaranteed, and after 100-h oxidation is carried out at the temperature of 850 DEG C, the oxidation weight increase only ranges from 0.0327 mg / cm<3> to 0.098 mg / cm<3>.