33 results about "Kinetic rate" patented technology

A method of lowered NOx combustion is taught wherein the kinetic rate of NOx formation is reduced for a given combustion temperature in a gas turbine combustor. A supply of fuel is provided along with a supply of ambient air in sufficient quantity to form a fuel / air mixture having an equivalence ratio greater than about 0.55 when mixed with the fuel. The fuel / air mixture is mixed with a supply of cooled combustion gases in sufficient quantity such that the oxygen content of the resulting air mixture is less than about 18 percent. The resulting air mixture is then passed into the combustor.

Ion exchange resin composite fibers include a substrate fiber, and an ion exchange resin, on the substrate fiber. The ion exchange resin composite fibers exhibit greatly increased kinetic rates of reaction and regeneration.

A high kinetics rate electrochemical cell in which at least one of the electrodes is composed of a mesostructural electroactive material comprising nanoparticles forming a three-dimensional framework structure of mesoporous texture having a bicontinuous junction of large specific surface area with the electrolyte. A low temperature method of preparation of the electrodes employs a high-speed deposition of the electrically active material in the form of a thin film. The application of said electrodes in high power lithium ion insertion batteries, photovoltaic cells, supercapacitors and fast electrochromic devices is disclosed.

The invention relates to a technique of iodine cycles for hydrogen manufacturing, and aims to provide a method for promoting a Bunsen reaction in a thermochemical iodine-sulfur cycle for hydrogen manufacturing. The method comprises the following steps: adding I2 and H2O in a reactor, and heating a reaction solution to 30-72 DEG C; adding hydroiodic acid under the condition that the mass ratio of HI / H2O is 1 / 36-1 / 18: 1, and mixing the reaction solution at a uniform speed so as to ensure I2 is completely dissolved; feeding SO2 at a constant flow rate, and spontaneously carrying out the Bunsen reaction so as to obtain H2SO4 and HI; and in the presence of excessive iodine, carrying out the separation of liquid-liquid phases, so that the reaction achieves a liquid-liquid equilibrium state finally. According to the invention, the original gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction is transferred into a gas-liquid reaction, and then the kinetic velocity of the Bunsen reaction is improved; and added HI has certain contribution to the improvement of the concentration of HI in a HIx phase in a thermodynamic equilibrium state, and HI achieves a super azeotropic concentration, so that the situation that pure HI steam is obtained through subsequent distillation is facilitated, and a HI concentration step can be cancelled, therefore, the method is extremely advantageous to the simplification of a whole SI circulation system and the improvement of the thermal efficiency of the system.

This invention discloses a model set up method for residual oil catalytic cracking reaction mechanism model, which divides the oil cut fraction into 6 lumps to set up serial and parallel reaction networks among 6 lumps and combines the character of the reactor with the experience dynamics equations among the lumps to set up a residual oil catalytic cracking reaction mechanism model. Besides, 6 device factors are set for calibrating the reacted dynamics rate constants among the lumps to increase the pretest accuracy of the model to product distribution.

The present invention relates generally to methods for screening a plurality of ligands using a biosensor device. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods for screening a plurality of antibodies from complex solutions using a surface plasmon resonance device. The methods of this invention provide kinetic and equilibrium information for such screening assays. The present invention also relates to systems for determining kinetic rate constants for such screening assays.

The present invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell in which kinetic rates for internal reforming are controlled. The solid oxide fuel cell comprises a cathode, an electrolyte layer adjacent to the cathode, and an anode adjacent to the electrolyte layer. The anode used in the cell of the invention includes a support structure which defines at least a portion of an anode flow channel and a catalyst that promotes reforming. The anode flow channel has an anode flow channel entrance for the introduction of fuel to the solid oxide fuel cell and an anode flow channel exit for removing unreacted fuel and / or by-products. The catalyst is dispersed within or upon the support structure such that the rate of reforming increases at increasing distances from the anode flow channel entrance. The present invention also provides a method of controlling internal reforming kinetic rates in a solid oxide fuel cell.

The invention relates to a simulation experiment device, in particular to a hydrate formation kinetics simulation experiment device. The hydrate formation kinetics simulation experiment device comprises a pressure-stabilizing air supply unit, a saturation water preparation kettle, a hydrate reaction kettle, a constant temperature controller and a data acquisition processing unit, wherein the pressure-stabilizing air supply unit is respectively connected with the saturation water preparation kettle and the hydrate reaction kettle through a pipeline and a valve; the saturation water preparation kettle is connected with the hydrate reaction kettle through the pipeline; and the hydrate reaction kettle is respectively connected with the constant temperature controller and the data acquisition processing unit electrically. The hydrate formation kinetics simulation experiment device can accurately measure the kinetic rate of the formation of a hydrate, and is simple, low-cost and convenient to operate.

The invention relates to a technique of iodine cycles for hydrogen manufacturing, and aims to provide a method for promoting a Bunsen reaction in a thermochemical iodine-sulfur cycle for hydrogen manufacturing. The method comprises the following steps: adding I2 and H2O in a reactor, and heating a reaction solution to 30-72 DEG C; adding hydroiodic acid under the condition that the mass ratio of HI / H2O is 1 / 36-1 / 18: 1, and mixing the reaction solution at a uniform speed so as to ensure I2 is completely dissolved; feeding SO2 at a constant flow rate, and spontaneously carrying out the Bunsen reaction so as to obtain H2SO4 and HI; and in the presence of excessive iodine, carrying out the separation of liquid-liquid phases, so that the reaction achieves a liquid-liquid equilibrium state finally. According to the invention, the original gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction is transferred into a gas-liquid reaction, and then the kinetic velocity of the Bunsen reaction is improved; and added HI has certain contribution to the improvement of the concentration of HI in a HIx phase in a thermodynamic equilibrium state, and HI achieves a super azeotropic concentration, so that the situation that pure HI steam is obtained through subsequent distillation is facilitated, and a HI concentration step can be cancelled, therefore, the method is extremely advantageous to the simplification of a whole SI circulation system and the improvement of the thermal efficiency of the system.

The invention provides an unbiased estimation method for a reaction kinetics rate constant based on the spectrum and belongs to the field of chemical reaction kinetics. The method comprises steps of firstly, constructing a spectral data structure, calculating a concentration distribution curve according to initial estimated values of initial concentrations of reactants and reaction kinetics rate constants, obtaining a spectral matrix, and comparing the spectral matrix with a measured spectral matrix to obtain an error matrix; adjusting an estimated value of the reaction kinetic rate constant according to the error matrix, recalculating the error matrix, and repeating iteration till the error reaches the minimum value; and lastly, estimating a noise variance by using the final error matrix,adding noise to the spectrum obtained by measurement, recalculating a reaction kinetics rate constant estimated value, and utilizing the unbiased estimation method to obtain the result which is closer to a real value. The unbiased estimation method is utilized, the method is independent of the pure spectrum and other information of reaction substances, the influence of noise is effectively reduced, and the obtained reaction kinetics rate constant is more accurate.

The present invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell in which kinetic rates for internal reforming are controlled. The solid oxide fuel cell comprises a cathode, an electrolyte layer adjacent to the cathode, and an anode adjacent to the electrolyte layer. The anode used in the cell of the invention includes a support structure which defines at least a portion of an anode flow channel and a catalyst that promotes reforming. The anode flow channel has an anode flow channel entrance for the introduction of fuel to the solid oxide fuel cell and an anode flow channel exit for removing unreacted fuel and / or by-products. The catalyst is dispersed within or upon the support structure such that the rate of reforming increases at increasing distances from the anode flow channel entrance. The present invention also provides a method of controlling internal reforming kinetic rates in a solid oxide fuel cell.

Disclosed herein are polypeptides which exhibit asparaginase activity and little to no glutaminase activity. The polypeptides have sequences which correspond to W. succinogenes asparaginase, but have an amino acid residue other than proline at amino acid position 121. The polypeptides exhibit higher kinetic rates of asparaginase activity to glutaminase activity as compared to W. succinogenes asparaginase and Elspar®, an E. coli asparaginase.

A method for obtaining the binding kinetic rate constants using fiber optic particle plasmon resonance (FOPPR) sensor, suitable for a test solution with two or more concentrations, which employs the following major steps: providing one FOPPR sensor instrument system, obtaining optical time-resolved signal intensities starting at the initial time to the steady state of the two or more regions, substituting the measured signal intensity values into the formula which is derived by using the pseudo-first order rate equation model. In addition, this method measures the temporal signal intensity evolution under static conditions as the samples are quickly loaded. As a result, unlike the conventional device where the sample is continuously infused, the method is able to measure the association and dissociation rate constants of which the upper bounds are not limited by the sample flow rate.

An aspect provides a method of determining a concentration of free chlorine in an aqueous sample, including adding a reagent to the sample, the reagent being reactive with the free chlorine at a first kinetic rate and reactive with at least one chloramine at a second kinetic rate, the first kinetic rate being different from the second kinetic rate; measuring an absorbance response over time resulting from reaction of the free chlorine and the at least one chloramine with the reagent over time; and determining the concentration of the free chlorine in the sample based on a determined rate of change of the absorbance response over time. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Disclosed herein are polypeptides which exhibit asparaginase activity and little to no glutaminase activity. The polypeptides have sequences which correspond to W. succinogenes asparaginase, but have an amino acid residue other than proline at amino acid position 121. The polypeptides exhibit higher kinetic rates of asparaginase activity to glutaminase activity as compared to W. succinogenes asparaginase and Elspar®, an E. coli asparaginase.

The invention discloses a non-noble metal oxygen evolution catalyst CuNiS2 with high activity, high stability and controllable shape, and discloses a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst is prepared by a method for high-temperature thermal injection, the operation is simple, and the aim of controllable synthesis of the shapes of nano particles is fulfilled. According to the preparation method, on the basis of a synthesized CuS nano hexagon, a nickel source is added into the system, so that a nano sheet CuNiS2 with an irregular edge structure is synthesized; therefore, the relative specific surface area of the catalyst system is enlarged; due to the special irregular edge structure, the oxygen evolution material has a large quantity of active sites, and metal nickel is extremely high in conductivity, so that the conductivity of the whole system is improved, the kinetic rate of electronic transmission is increased, and the activity of the material is enhanced.

The invention disclose a method for analyzing dynamic transferred water quality based on a fugacity theory, relating to a water quality analysis method, and solving the problem of larger deviation between a simulated result and an actual condition caused by actually unobtainable required parameters and randomly non-modifiable inner parameters in a traditional water quality analysis method. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, confirming environment facies of a water area to be detected and acquiring geographic information parameters of the water area to be detected, environmental parameters of various environment and materialization parameters of a target pollutant; then computing fugacity capacity of each environmental facies, speed constant of reaction dynamics and transfer parameters among each environmental face; then establishing a system of differential equation by taking the fugacity of each environmental face as an unknown and solving the system of differential equation through a Runge-Kutta algorithm to obtain the fugacity of each environmental face; and calculating out pollutant concentration by the fugacity of each environmental facies and the fugacity capacity. The invention overcomes defects of the prior art, and can be applied to the field of analyzing transferring transformation of organic pollutants in the water area and distribution law of multi-medium environment.