The present invention relates to a novel Bifidobacterium bifidum MG731 strain and a composition for prophylaxis or therapy of cancer, which comprises same. Specifically, the Bifidobacterium bifidum MG731 strain of the present invention exhibits effects of inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, decreasing cancer cell motility, suppressing angiogenesis, and increasing anticancer immune responses as well as downregulating the expression of inflammatory factors, thereby preventing or treating cancer or inflammatory diseases. In addition, when used in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent or immunotherapeutic agent, the Bifidobacterium bifidum MG731 strain of the present invention exhibits a better anticancer effect. Further, the present invention relates to a novel Lactococcus lactis GEN3033 strain and a composition for prophylaxis or therapy of cancer, which comprises same. Specifically, the Lactococcus lactis GEN3033 strain of the present invention exhibits the effect of directly inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and enhancing immunity, thereby preventing or treating cancer. Particularly, the strain has an excellent anticancer effect by secreting metabolites having inhibitory activity against cancer while being established in the gut. In addition, when used in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent or an immunotherapeutic agent, the Lactococcus lactis GEN3033 of the present invention exhibits a better anticancer effect.