The invention discloses a high-density fermentation method of engineering bacteria containing nitrilase. The method adopts a novel recombinant Escherichia coli fermentation and supplementary material culture medium formula, and uses a method of DO-STAT coupling step-by-step induction and gradual increase of the speed stage by stage. The method not only meets the need for mixing power in the culture process with biomass increase, effectively controls the growth rate of thalli, and prevents disadvantages of produced acid accumulation caused by fast growth of thalli, feedback inhibition and culture medium waste. In addition, the induced mode of batch-by-batch lactose supplement addition avoids the high viscosity of the fermentation broth caused by high concentration of lactose, resulting in resistance of oxygen transfer and mass transfer, but also improves the induction strength. The high-density fermentation technology of the invention increase the biomass of recombinant Escherichia coli from 10.35g DCW / L to 70g DCW / L, volume enzyme activity from 18205U / L to 103530U / L, and the fermentation level by 4.7 times.