509 results about "Hydroxyl ion" patented technology

Methods of bleaching mechanical pulp under alkaline conditions with hydrogen peroxide. The methods include introducing a source of magnesium ions and hydroxyl ions to a refiner. The wood particulates are refined into a pulp in the presence of the magnesium ions and hydroxyl ions, and optionally perhydroxyl ions to simultaneously refine and bleach the pulp in a refiner.

An electrolytic device for the generation of hypohalous acid in aqueous solutions includes at least a single liquid chamber for receiving an aqueous solution containing halide ions therein, the single liquid chamber having an exterior wall and a solid anode contained within to provide for the oxidation of the halide ions, which, in turn, provides for the formation of hypohalous acid in aqueous solution, and a gas permeable cathode forming a portion of the exterior wall of the single liquid chamber, the cathode providing for the reduction of oxygen to provide hydroxyl ions in solution within the single liquid chamber to mix with the products generated at the anode. An embodiment of the electrolytic device including an anolyte chamber and a catholyte chamber separated by an ionomeric membrane is also described, whereby the anolyte chamber further includes an outlet including a pH control for determining and regulating the pH of the exiting anolyte effluent to between about 4 and 9. The product is suitable for disinfectant applications including as a hand sanitizer.

The invention belongs to the technical field of water electrolysis, and particularly relates to a two-step method and device for producing hydrogen through water electrolysis on the basis of a three-electrode system. According to the device, an electrolytic bath comprises a hydrogen evolution catalysis electrode, an oxygen evolution catalysis electrode and a nickel hydroxide electrode. According to the method, water molecules are electrochemically reduced to hydrogen gas on the surface of the hydrogen evolution catalysis electrode, a Ni(OH)2 electrode is electrochemically oxidized to form a NiOOH electrode at the same time, and electrons flow to the hydrogen evolution catalysis electrode from the Ni(OH)2 electrode through an external circuit in the process; the NiOOH electrode is electrochemically reduced to the Ni(OH)2 electrode, hydroxyl ions are electrochemically oxidized to form oxygen gas on the surface of the oxygen evolution catalysis electrode, and the electrons flow to the NiOOH electrode from the oxygen evolution catalysis electrode through the external circuit in the process. According to the device and the method, the hydrogen production step and the oxygen production step which are synchronous in conventional water electrolysis are effectively separated, the high-purity hydrogen gas can be prepared without any diaphragms through the electrolysis device because the hydrogen production step and the oxygen production step are completely separated, and therefore the cost of producing the hydrogen through water electrolysis is lowered further.

An electroless deposition solution of the invention for forming an alkali-metal-free coating on a substrate comprises a first-metal ion source for producing first-metal ions, a pH adjuster in the form of a hydroxide for adjusting the pH of the solution, a reducing agent, which reduces the first-metal ions into the first metal on the substrate, a complexing agent for keeping the first-metal ions in the solution, and a source of ions of a second element for generation of second-metal ions that improve the corrosion resistance of the aforementioned coating. The method of the invention consists of the following steps: preparing hydroxides of a metal such as Ni and Co by means of a complexing reaction, in which solutions of hydroxides of Ni and Co are obtained by displacing hydroxyl ions OH− beyond the external boundary of ligands of mono- or polydental complexants; preparing a complex composition based on a tungsten oxide WO3 or a phosphorous tungstic acid, such as H3[P(W3O10)4], as well as on the use of tungsten compounds for improving anti-corrosive properties of the deposited films; mixing the aforementioned solutions of salts of Co, Ni, or W and maintaining under a temperatures within the range of 20° C. to 100° C.; and carrying out deposition from the obtained mixed solution.

A disinfectant treatment for self-contained potable water systems. A lamp or lamps within the interior of at least one component system in which water is resident. During operation of the system. As the water tank, water heater, water filter, or other component which holds a volume of water. By putting a radioactive and a microbial effect in response to exposure to UV radiation may be formed of the vessel or other component. The radioactive material may be tin dioxide, titanium dioxide, or other material that produces hydroxyl ions in response to UV exposure. The hydroxyl ions flow from the vessel or other component into the piping and other components so as to attack / inhibit microbial action throughout the system. The lamps are mounted within quartz sleeves for immersion in water or other components. The quartz sleeves to prevent vibration damage. May also be used to of the system so as to prevent friction freeze damage.

The invention provides a method for separating and preparing hydrogen by decomposing water in a fuel cell through photocatalysis according to the inverse principle of the hydrogen fuel cell, aiming to avoiding the current separation problem of hydrogen and oxygen prepared by decomposing water through solar energy photocatalysis. The method adopts the inverse principle of the hydrogen fuel cell and uses photocatalyst as raw material for a photoanode, and platinum, nickel or carbon electrode as a cathode; an ion film is used between the two electrodes to transfer protons or hydroxyl ions, circuit is formed by connecting the photoanode and the cathode with a lead; sunlight or simulated sunlight is used as a light source, the light directly shines down upon the photoanode; and hydrogen is generated on the cathode and an oxidation reaction is performed on the anode so as to realize the aim of separating and preparing hydrogen by decomposing water through photocatalysis. In the method of the invention, no sacrifice agent or inhibitor is needed to add for adjusting the pH value of the electrolyte solution, an external power source can be added as additional bias so as to directly separate and prepare hydrogen by decomposing water through photocatalysis, and the separation problem of hydrogen and oxygen in practical technology development for decomposing water through solar energy photocatalysis is successfully solved.

The invention discloses a making method of annular carbonate through hydroxy ion liquid, which comprises the following steps: adopting epoxy compound and carbon dioxide as reactant; using catalyst from one of hydroxy ion liquid; making the quantity of catalyst between 1X10-3 and 1. 5X10-2mol corresponding to epoxy compound; setting the reacting pressure at 0. 1-10. 0Mpa under 323. 15-483. 15K for 0. 3-5h; obtaining the product under mild reacting condition. The invention saves cost due to using mono-component catalyst with high selectivity, which displays good water and thermal stability to be used reciprocally.

The invention discloses micro-nano copper powder and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps that compounds containing copper are prepared into a solution, and a system A is obtained; pH conditioning agents, additives and reducing agents are added to the system A, and a system B is obtained and reacts at 50-100 DEG C; and filtration, washing and drying are conducted after reacting, and the micro-nano copper powder is obtained. In the system B, the molarity of the compounds containing copper is 0.001-4 mol / L, the concentration of hydroxyl ion (OH-) is 10<-4>-20 mol / L, the mass concentration of the additives is 0-40%, and the molar ratio of the compounds containing copper to the reducing agents is 1:0.1-100. According to the preparation method, the effective control over the morphology and the size of the micro-nano copper powder is achieved, and the mass content of the impurity phases in the prepared copper powder can be controlled below 0.3%; and in addition, the preparation method further has the advantages that the reaction process is easy to control, and the selected reducing agents are moderate in reducibility, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly.

The invention relates to a device and a method which are used for removing phosphor and organic matter in an electric flocculation film bioreactor, and belongs to the wastewater treatment field. The device uses the combination technology of the electric flocculation and the film bioreactor, that is, an iron plate or an aluminium plate is adopted to be used as an anode electrode, a plate electrode is electrolyzed to generate iron ions or aluminium ions which are combined with hydroxyl ions and phosphate radical ions in wastewater to form a flocculation body. The organic matter is degraded by microorganism in the film bioreactor to form mud, and the contamination is removed by the filtering of a micro filter membrane component, thereby the purpose of removing the phosphor and the organic matter from the wastewater is achieved. The device has the advantages of simple structure, no chemical agent put, simple operation and management, easy realization of automatic control, as well as good and stable yielding water quality, and is particularly suitable for departments, organizations, schools, building sites and subdistricts in areas lacking of water; the yielding water can be directly used as gray water, reuse water and landscape water.

A process for producing ZSM-48 comprises crystallizing an aqueous reaction mixture comprising at least one source of silica, at least one source of alumina, at least one source of hydroxyl ions, at least one source of diquaternary alkylammonium, R2+, ions having the formula: (CH3)3N+(CH2)5N+(CH3)3 and optionally ZSM-48 seed crystals, wherein said reaction mixture has a composition including the following molar ratios: R2+:SiO2 less than 0.1 SiO2:Al2O3 less than 100.

An electrochemical cell having a cation-conductive ceramic membrane and an acidic anolyte. Generally, the cell includes a catholyte compartment and an anolyte compartment that are separated by a cation-conductive membrane. While the catholyte compartment houses a primary cathode, the anolyte compartment houses an anode and a secondary cathode. In some cases, a current is passed through the electrodes to cause the secondary cathode to evolve hydrogen gas. In other cases, a current is passed between the electrodes to cause the secondary cathode to evolve hydroxyl ions and hydrogen gas. In still other cases, hydrogen peroxide is channeled between the secondary cathode and the membrane to form hydroxyl ions. In yet other cases, the cell includes a diffusion membrane disposed between the secondary cathode and the anode. In each of the aforementioned cases, the cell functions to maintain the pH of a fluid contacting the membrane at an acceptably high level.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a hydroxyapatite-natural macromolecular nano compound with a one-pot method. The method disclosed by the invention has the core characteristics that raw material powder is directly added, and mainly comprises the following steps: adding calcium salt and phosphate into a natural macromolecular solution according to the amount of substance ratio of Ca / P of 5 to 3; adjusting the pH of the system to 10 to 12 by using an alkali solution, wherein calcium ions, phosphate ions and hydroxyl ions in the system and natural macromolecules have an in-situ co-precipitation reaction; washing a reaction product to be neutral, and drying to obtain the hydroxyapatite-natural macromolecular nano compound; grinding and sieving to prepare nano composite particle products with different specifications. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and has moderate reaction conditions and small energy consumption; the obtained hydroxyapatite-natural macromolecular nano compound has good granularity, rigidity, microscopic appearance and crystallinity, and can be widely applied to the fields of bone defect repairing tissue engineering materials and medical equipment and the like of dental department, orthopedic surgery and the like.

A single anode system used in multiple electrochemical treatments to control steel corrosion in concrete comprises a sacrificial metal that is capable of supporting high impressed anode current densities with an impressed current anode connection detail and a porous embedding material containing an electrolyte. Initially current is driven from the sacrificial metal [1] to the steel [10] using a power source [5] converting oxygen and water [14] into hydroxyl ions [15] on the steel and drawing chloride ions [16] into the porous material [2] around the anode such that corroding sites are moved from the steel to the anode restoring steel passivity and activating the anode. Cathodic prevention is then applied. This is preferably sacrificial cathodic prevention that is applied by disconnecting the power source and connecting the activated sacrificial anode directly to the steel.

The invention relates to the control of pH in water where hydroxyl ions are being produced by adding to the water an amount of transition metal salt sufficient to bind with hydroxyl into a slightly soluble or insoluble reaction product, thereby removing sufficient hydroxyl ion from the water to lower the pH thereof. This technique is particularly suitable for pH control in pool or spa water that is sanitized using chemical or electrolytic chlorination, where the sanitation process causes the pH in the water to rise.

The present invention relates to a cell for the production of electric energy by reaction between hydrogen peroxide or oxygen, and aluminium or lithium or a mixture thereof, and hydroxyl ions in water, where the cathodes are cylindrical and based on radially oriented carbon fibres attached to a stem of metal. The novel feature of the invention is that by utilizing such cathodes in a cell with circulating electrolyte, it is possible to keep the concentration of oxidant in the electrolyte low and thus obtain high utilization of the reactants.

The invention discloses a method for separating methionine from a mixed solution of methionine salt and carbonate by using bipolar membrane electrodialysis. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of arranging a bipolar membrane electrodialysis system, and separating methionine from a mixed solution of methionine salt and carbonate by using a bipolar membrane electrodialysis process, wherein a bipolar membrane is capable of simultaneously generating hydroxyl ions and hydrogen ions through hydrolytic dissociation, the hydrogen ions are capable of neutralizing methionine ions and carbanions in the mixed solution of methionine salt and carbonate to generate methionine, and the generated hydroxyl ions are capable of combining with positive ions to obtain inorganic base. According to the method, a large quantity of acid and alkaline are not required to be additionally introduced in the bipolar membrane electrodialysis process, the environment friendliness is achieved, the process cost is lowered, no inorganic salt waste residue is generated in the process, the recovery efficiency of methionine is high, and the purity is high, thus the generated wastewater is more easily treated.

A UV disinfectant system for treatment of water resident in a vessel. One or more UV lamps are mounted within the interior of the vessel so as to expose the water stored therein. The vessel may be, for example, a water tank, water heater, water filter or other component which holds a volume of water. A layer of photoreactive material may be formed on an inside surface of a wall of the vessel so as to be exposed to the UV radiation from the lamp. The photoreactive material may be tin dioxide, titanium dioxide, or other material that produces hydroxyl ions in response to UV exposure. The hydroxyl ions flow from the vessel into the piping and other components of the system so as to inhibit microbial action therein. The UV lamps may be mounted in quartz sleeves that surround the lamps for immersion in water and that are supported to protect the sleeves and lamps from vibration damage. The system may also be used to prevent freeze damage to the vessel and water system.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a monodisperse flaky magnesium hydroxide flame retardant. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing a soluble magnesium salt into a solution with magnesium ion concentration of more than 0.5mol / l; adding sodium hydroxide with hydroxyl ion concentration of more than 0.5mol / l or an ammonia aqueous solution at a temperature of 25-60 DEG C, a stirring rate of 1,500-4,000rmp and a constant flow rate under a constant pressure for precipitation reaction; reacting until the molar ratio of magnesium ions to hydroxyl ions is 1 to 2; transferring the reacted slurry into a high pressure reaction kettle, wherein the hydro-thermal reaction temperature is 100-200 DEG C, the reaction time is 1-6 hours and the stirring rate is 300-700 rpm; and after filtering and washing a product, drying the product at the temperature of 100-160 DEG C for 4-6 hours to obtain the magnesium hydroxide flame retardant which has a shape of hexagonal sheet or circular sheet, a grain size from 200nm to 500 nm and excellent dispersibility. By using the method provided by the invention, the problems that nano-sized magnesium hydroxide is subjected to hydro-thermal reaction only in a strong alkali system at a higher temperature and the requirement on equipment material is higher are solved.

An electrochemical generator of pure pressurized high pressure hydrogen comprising a molten hydroxide or eutectic mixture electrolyte electrochemical pressurizing chamber bounded by a hydrogen-selective anode and a hydrogen-selective otherwise gas impermeable cathode respectively connected to a D.C. power supply, with the pressurizing chamber maintained at a temperature between the melting point of the electrolyte and about 600° C., wherein, upon passing D.C. current between the anode and cathode, pure hydrogen arriving on the electrolyte bounding with the anode substantially instantaneously reacts with hydroxyl ions from the electrolyte to form water and electrons and evolves pressurized pure hydrogen gas on the cathode, with such substantially instantaneous reaction at the anode creating a suction effect which effectively pumps pure hydrogen permeating through said anode.

A sustained release transenamel bleach delivery oral composition having built-in hydroxyl ions-hydrogen ions exchange capability for topical application on teeth in an oral cavity.

An amorphous oxide surface film for metallic implantable devices and method for production thereof, wherein the amorphous oxide film is characterized by a high concentration of oxygen, chromium and hydroxyl ions within the film so as to form a non-stoichiometric chromium oxide with significant negative charge; thereby, improving the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the metallic implantable device, and thus significantly reducing the degree of thrombogenicity and restenosis.

The invention discloses a bipolar membrane and a preparation method thereof. In the invention, metal phthalocyanine derivants are adhered to at least one monopolar membrane in the bipolar membrane to form the bipolar membrane of an intermediate interface layer formed by the metal phthalocyanine derivants. The bipolar membrane prepared by the method has the advantages of acid resistance and alkali resistance, high hydrolysis efficiency, high hydrogen and hydroxyl ion permeability, high working current density, small membrane impedance, low working voltage, simple overall bipolar membrane preparation process and the like.

The invention relates to a method for preparing cyclic carbonic acid esters from load-type hydroxyl ion liquid, characterized in that hydroxyl imidazole ion liquid loaded by polystyrene resin is used as the catalyzer, the amount of the catalyzer is 0.4-5mol% (based on ion liquid content) of epoxides, related cyclic carbonic acid esters are synthesized by catalyzing addition of epoxides and carbon dioxide ring under reaction pressure of 0.1-10.0 MPa, reaction temperature of 40-160 DEG C, and reaction time is 0.3-8 hours. The synthesis method has advantages of high catalyzer activity, low cost, long life time, etc.

The invention relates to an imidazolyl ionic liquid and preparation of an alkaline anion exchange membrane with the same. The preparation includes the following three steps: synthesis of an imidazolium salt, synthesis of imidazolyl cross-linked copolymer, and preparation of an imidazolyl cross-linked type alkaline anion exchange membrane, and at the same time on the basis, the step of preparation of an oxyhydrogen type imidazolyl cross-linked alkaline anion exchange membrane can be added so as to further improve the conductivity of the membrane. The ionic liquid involved in the invention substitutes the 2-position of an imidazole ring, thus avoiding imidazole group ring opening and degradation occurring under the attack of hydroxyl ions, and enhancing the stability of the imidazole group. And the method of applying the imidazolyl ionic liquid to preparation of the alkaline anion exchange membrane has the advantages of environmental friendliness, simple process, and can realize large-scale production. The prepared imidazolyl cross-linked alkaline anion exchange membrane has a uniform, smooth and compact surface, and has good conductivity, good thermal stability and chemical stability. By applying the alkaline anion exchange membrane to alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells, a single battery has the advantages of high performance, and obvious performance advantages, etc.

The invention features an electrochemical cell having an anode and a cathode; wherein at least one of the anode and cathode includes a solid ionically conducting polymer material that can ionically conduct hydroxyl ions.

An electrode for an alkali fuel cell comprises an active layer formed by a bilayer or by a stack of a plurality of bilayers. Each bilayer is composed of a catalytic layer comprising catalyst particles of nanometric size and of a porous layer comprising two opposite faces one of which is in contact with the catalytic layer. The porous layer is made from a porous composite material comprising a hydroxide ion conducting polymer matrix in which a metallic lattice is formed constituting a plurality of electronically conducting paths connecting the two opposite faces of the porous layer. Advantageously, fabrication of such an electrode is obtained by successively performing vacuum deposition of the catalyst particles and vacuum co-deposition of the hydroxide ion conducting polymer and of the metal on a free surface of a support.

The fuel cell uses hydrogen peroxide (as oxidant) and methanol (as fuel) to generate electric power and it can operate in a low temperature (20-90° C.). Hydrogen peroxide is used in cathode (coated with catalyst) compartment located at one side of a hydroxyl ion exchange membrane. At the other side of the membrane, methanol is used in anode (coated with catalyst) compartment. A catalytic reduction reaction occurs at cathode to produce hydroxyl ions from hydrogen peroxide, and a catalytic oxidation reaction occurs at anode to produce water and carbon dioxide from methanol. When hydroxyl ions move through electrolyte in the ion exchange membrane from cathode to anode, an electric current is generated accordingly.

The invention provides a method for efficiently grinding and polishing GaN chips, namely the photoelectrochemistry mechanical polishing method for efficiently grinding the GaN chips. The method includes the steps that under the effects of illumination and an external electric field, the to-be-polished surfaces of the GaN chips are oxidized to form gallium oxide, the gallium oxide and hydroxyl ions in a polishing solution are combined to form gallium hydroxide passivation layers, and the gallium oxide and hydrogen ions in the polishing solution are combined to form gallium ions; and under the protection of the gallium hydroxide passivation layers and the polishing solution rich in gallium ion, illumination and oxidation on concave parts of the to-be-polished surfaces are effectively restrained, high convex parts of the to-be-polished surfaces are mechanically removed, and new GaN surfaces are exposed and continue to be selectively removed through illumination and oxidation. The illumination intensity, voltage values and pressure applied to an upper tray are regulated and controlled, the oxidation speed of the to-be-polished surfaces of the chips is matched with the mechanical removing speed, and therefore the surface flatness and polishing efficiency of the GaN chips are improved, and high-quality polished GaN chips are obtained.

An improved water softening process is provided which also reduces anion content. A first stream of water is passed through an anion-exchange unit to remove undesirable anions and raise the pH. The first stream of water is then provided to reactor / clarifier water softening equipment, where it acts as a source of hydroxyl ions. Preferably a second stream of water which did not pass through an anion-exchange unit is also provided to the water softening equipment. The streams of water are combined and processed through the softening equipment, where hardness ions are precipitated out, yielding softened water with reduced anion content. The anion-exchange system utilized preferably has a counter-current continuous resin train and a counter-current continuous resin regeneration unit.

A synthetic method of an SSZ-13 zeolite molecular sieve is disclosed. The method includes preparing SSZ-13 crystals under crystallization conditions from raw materials comprising an oxide of at least one quadrivalent element or a quadrivalent element mixture, an oxide of at least one trivalent element and a trivalent element mixture, at least one alkali metal compound, N,N,N-trimethyl-1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1]decane-2-ammonium hydroxide or a mixture of the N,N,N-trimethyl-1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1]decane-2-ammonium hydroxide and the SSZ-13 molecular sieve crystal seeds, hydroxyl ions and water. The method is a method of synthesizing the SSZ-13 molecular sieve by adopting a novel and cheap template. The method avoids adoption of traditional expensive N,N,N-trimethyladamantan-1-ammonium cations or benzyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium cations as templates to synthesize the SSZ-13 molecular sieve, thus significantly reducing the cost of synthesizing the SSZ-13 zeolite molecular sieve.