The invention discloses a novel process of treatment of waste mother solution for itaconic acid fermentation through seawater desalination and membrane separation. According to the process, at first, inorganic anions in waste mother solution for itaconic acid fermentation are separated by an electrodialysis device, the itaconic acid mother solution is subjected to ionization with sodium hydroxide solution, the ionized itaconic acid mother solution is delivered by a centrifugal pump into a salt chamber of a bipolar membrane electrodialysis device, itaconic acid is produced through combination with hydrogen ions produced by a bipolar membrane, itaconic acid solution is repeatedly concentrated and crystallized, and itaconic acid is extracted. By adopting the process, the waste mother solution for itaconic acid fermentation can be made into resources, the total yield of the itaconic acid produced in a fermentation method can be increased, and the production cost can be reduced. Meanwhile, the sodium hydroxide solution used in the process can be repeatedly used, and no additional sodium hydroxide solution needs to be added continuously. Moreover, the process has the advantages of short flow, easiness in operation, no secondary pollution, low energy consumption and the like.