The invention relates to a chromium-containing light hydrocarbon combustion catalyst and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of catalysts. The chromium-containing light hydrocarbon combustion catalyst is characterized in that a mass ratio of Al2O3 to Cr2O3 to CeO2 or Al2O3 to CrCl3 to CeO2 is A:B:C, wherein A:B is between 1 / 0.05 and 1 / 0.5, C is between 1 and 5 percent, Al2O3 is between 65 and 95 percent (W / W percent), Cr2O3 is between 5 and 50 percent (W / W percent), CrCl3 is between 5 and 50 percent (W / W percent), and CeO2 is between 0 and 5 percent (W / W percent). The preparation method comprises the following steps of: dissolving chromium nitrate or chromium chloride and aids of nitrates in water, dripping onto an aluminum oxide carrier, stirring, standing, drying, calcining at a certain temperature, cooling, grinding, tabletting, crushing and sieving to prepare the chromium-containing light hydrocarbon combustion catalyst. The chromium-containing light hydrocarbon combustion catalyst has the advantages of high low-carbon alkane catalytic combustion activity, high stability, simple preparation process, readily available raw materials, low cost and environment friendliness.