The invention relates to 1-(1,2-epoxypropyl)-N-nitroimidazoline-2-amine which has a structural formula as shown in the picture. A preparation method of the compound comprises the steps of adding ethylenediamine to a reaction container, dropwise adding epoxy chloropropane in the reaction container while stirring, reacting for 2-3h, cooling, and vaporizing out acetonitrile to obtain epoxypropyl ethylenediamine; taking and dissolving nitroguanidine and the epoxypropyl ethylenediamine into water, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid solution while stirring, reacting for 2-3h, cooling, extracting, desolventizing to obtain crude product, and recrystallizating to obtain the product; or adding N-nitroimidazoline, potassium carbonate and organic solvent to the reaction container, heating to 75-81.6 DEG C, dropwise adding epoxy chloropropane in the reaction container after dissolving the N-nitroimidazoline, continuously heating until completing the reaction after dropwise adding, cooling reaction products, filtering, vaporizing filtrate to dry, adding water to residues, extracting by using methylene dichloride, desolventizing to obtain phase product, and recrystallizating by using butanone to obtain the product.