The invention relates to a degradable artificial dura mater with a double-layer structure and a preparation method of the degradable artificial dura mater, and relates to the technical field of biomedical materials. The degradable artificial dura mater with the double-layer structure comprises a stent layer and a bonding layer, the thickness of the artificial dura mater is 0.5-1.0 mm, the stent layer is made of recombinant human-like collagen, and the bonding layer is made of mussel mucin. According to the degradable artificial dura mater with the double-layer structure, the recombinant human-like collagen and the mussel mucin serve as main raw materials, and the artificial dura mater is a non-animal-derived material, so that the immunogenicity problem can be avoided; the artificial dura mater disclosed by the invention has a double-layer structure, degradability, good flexibility, adhesion, mechanical property and biocompatibility; meanwhile, according to the preparation method of the artificial dura mater, recombinant human-like collagen and mussel mucin serve as main raw materials, the degradable artificial dura mater of the double-layer structure is prepared through the processes of dissolution, crosslinking, dialysis, mixing, coating, drying and the like, the process operation is simple, and the method is suitable for large-scale production.