76results about How to "Reduce size effect" patented technology

The invention discloses a large bidirectional dynamic / static direct-shearing machine for coarse-grained soil contact interface tests. The machine comprises a measuring and controlling unit (1), a hydraulic servo unit (2), a loading unit (3) and a soil sample preparing unit (4). The loading unit (3) comprises a Z-direction vertical loading frame, an X-direction horizontal loading frame and a Y-direction horizontal loading frame, the three frames are perpendicular to each other, and the three frames all have independent loading ability. The hydraulic servo unit (2) comprises an X-direction horizontal loading actuator (311), a Y-direction horizontal loading actuator (312) and a Z-direction vertical loading actuator (31). The measuring and controlling unit (1) is in separate communication connections with three electro-hydraulic servo loading cylinders of the hydraulic servo unit (2). The large bidirectional dynamic / static direct-shearing machine is used in coarse-grained soil shearing performance tests, coarse-grained soil shearing performance tests on reinforced contact interface and coarse-grained soil shearing performance tests on concrete interface under the dynamic / static loading effects of simulation traffic loading.

The invention relates to a temperature control pile-soil interface direct shear test device which comprises a portal frame, a lateral constant stiffness loading system, a pile-soil interface simulation system, a water circulation temperature control system, a normal loading system and a data collection system. The portal frame mainly provides a counter-force supporting point for the other systems. The lateral constant stiffness loading system comprises a counter-force frame, a spring fixing plate, a spring, a spring guide rod and a loading plate; the pile-soil interface simulation system comprises a pile lateral soil body box and a pile body box; the water circulation temperature control system comprises a constant temperature water tank, a heater, a refrigerator, a circulating water pump, a water guiding pipe, a valve, a flow meter and a temperature sensor; the normal loading system mainly refers to server hydraulic loading. According to the device, pile-soil interface addition temperature stress monitoring testing, hot and cold cycle after-construction pile-soil interface shear-resistance change rule testing and other testing during temperature field changing can be performed, and then energy pile load-carrying performance impact factors are analyzed.

The invention relates to a microorganism slab grouting device and a microorganism slab grouting method used for reinforcing a liquefiable foundation. The device comprises a grouting panel, a pipeline switching device, an extended panel and grouting pipes. The grouting method comprises the following steps: a. vertically ramming microorganism slab grouting devices arranged in I and II forms into a to-be-reinforced stratum; b. carrying out butt joint on one ends of the first and second grouting pipes with first and second slurry passages in the microorganism slab grouting devices, connecting the other end of the first grouting pipe with a valve, a grouting pump and urease-producing microorganism bacterial liquid storage pond in sequence, and connecting the other end of the second grouting pipe with the valve, the grouting pump and a cementing solution storage pond in sequence; and c. opening the valve and the slurry injection pump to grout for the stratum, wherein the microorganism slab grouting devices are lifted uniformly during grouting, and after grouting is completed, all microorganism slab grouting devices in the field are pulled out and stand for 12h, and finally, underground water is pumped out for sewage treatment. Compared with the prior art, the microorganism slab grouting device and method can simplify the procedures, shorten the duration and eliminate the problem of size effect.

The invention discloses a method for monitoring the expansion and shrinkage deformation of a deep soil body under the influence a hot and rainy climate. The method comprises the following steps: A. sample making and sample loading: spreading a silt layer or permeable stones at the bottom of a model groove, performing air drying on the soil sample, smashing, sieving and measuring the water content rate and density, loading the prepared soil samples in a spreading manner in layers, and sealing and standing the model groove to obtain consolidation settlement; B. wetting-drying circular test: leaching the soil samples by utilizing distilled water through a watering pot, and baking the soil samples by utilizing a reflection-type heater; C. data collection: recording each dial gauge reading, the water content rate in the soil body and the temperature in the soil body and the indoor temperature in drying and wetting process; and D. data processing: recording the numeral value of each dial gauge as an initial value of the deformation before the humidification process is implemented, and subtracting the initial value from the recorded dial gauge reading as the deformation value of the soil sample. By utilizing the method provided by the invention, the influence of the external environment on the experimental result is lowered and the reliability of the monitoring result is improved; and the method is simple in operation.

A micro inertia measurement system of small volume plate type based on MEMS is prepared as forming plate structure by planar plate, positioning pin and boss; erecting three gyroscopes on planar plate through positioning pin to ensure orthogonality of three sensitive shaft, using three acceleration meters to carry out accurate positioning to ensure orthogonality of sensitive shaft through signal plate and using boss to calibrate positioning of test.

The present invention provides a carbon nano-tube / heat conduction silicone grease composite material and a preparation method thereof. The carbon nano-tube / heat conduction silicone grease composite material comprises carbon nano-tubes and a heat conduction silicone grease, wherein the heat conduction silicone grease comprises 10-15 wt% of methyl silicone oil, 35-60 wt% of aluminum nitride, 20-40 wt% of silicon carbide, 5-9 wt% of nanometer silver wire, and 20-30 wt% of a dispersant, and a mass ratio of the carbon nano-tubes to the heat conduction silicone grease is 0.01-0.1:1. The concrete preparation method comprises: adding the heat conduction silicone grease into the mixed solution of chloroform and ethanol, stirring until uniformly mixing, adding the carbon nano-tubes being subjected to acidification and esterification modification treatment, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed slurry, carrying out low-temperature and low-speed ultrasonic treatment on the mixed slurry, taking out, drying in a blasting drying oven until the solvent is completely evaporated, and cooling to a room temperature to obtain the product. According to the present invention, the preparation method has advantages of simpleness, strong operability, high performance price ratio and good practicability, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production, and the prepared composite material has advantages of good heat dissipation, good heat resistance, good sealing property and good mechanical performance, and can be used for power transmission and transformation lines.

The invention discloses a reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone composite material with nano SiO2 chemically grafted to the surfaces of carbon fibers and a preparation method of material. The composite material is prepared from, by weight, 65-100 parts of poly-ether-ether-ketone, 5-30 parts of the carbon fibers, 0-10 parts of the nano SiO2, 0.5-3 parts of gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and 0.5-3 parts of gamma-glycidyl ether oxypropyl trimethoxysilane. According to the composite material, modified carbon fibers are obtained by chemically grafting the nano SiO2 to the surfaces of the carbon fibers, so that the interface bonding performance between the carbon fibers and matrix resin is improved. Meanwhile, the modified carbon fibers are added into PEEK matrix as a reinforcing filler to improve the mechanical performance and wear resistance of PEEK and reduce the friction coefficient and wear rate of the material so that the modified-carbon-fiber-reinforced PEEK-based composite material can be applicable to extreme working conditions such as high speed, heavy loads and oil-free lubrication.

The invention provides an aqueous inorganic zinc rich paint, which is prepared by mixing a component A with a component B according to a weight ratio of 4:1, wherein the component A comprises 30-32% of 500-mesh spherical / flaky zinc powder, 30-32% of 800-mesh spherical / flaky zinc powder, 30-32% of 1250-mesh spherical / flaky zinc powder, 6-8% of nanometer cerium dioxide and 2-4% of 800-mesh talcum powder; and the component B comprises 38-50% of potassium silicate, 10-20% of lithium silicate, 8-10% of potassium titanate whiskers, 5-12% of aqueous self-drying organic silicon modified acrylic resin, 0.2-0.5% of defoaming agent, 0.5-1% of wetting agent and 12-20% of water. The aqueous inorganic zinc rich paint provided by the invention has the characteristics of excellent corrosion resistance, physical and mechanical properties, wet resistance, high temperature resistance and strong construction adaptability.

The invention provides a preparation method of a novel high-efficiency haze filtration silver nanowire net and MOFs (metal-organic frameworks) composite porous fiber film material. The preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of preparation of silver nanowires, preparation of MOFs, preparation of a spinning precursor solution, preparation of a spinning solution, electrostatic spinning, preparation of suction filtration dispersing liquid and suction filtration and filming. The preparation method has the benefits that the preparation method of the novel high-efficiency haze filtration silver nanowire net and MOFs composite porous fiber film material prepares a composite fiber film by using the silver nanowires in certain diameters and the MOFs in certain particlesizes for doping; pore sizes of the fiber film formed by the spinning are used for filtration; at the same time, lower voltage is applied; particulates are collected by a remote electrostatic force of the silver nanowire; an filtration effect is improved; and since the silver nanowires have a sterilization function, the composite porous fiber film material can achieve a multifunctional haze filtration effect.

The invention provides a fatigue test device for an equal-thickness pavement structure on the basis of MTS. The fatigue test device comprises a subgrade and pavement model and an MTS loading device, and is characterized in that a loading head is fixed at the lower end of an MTS acting head; the lower surface of the loading head is arc-shaped; a rubber layer which is consistent to a tire of an automobile is fixed on the loading head; the MTS acting head applies an acting force with corresponding frequency and load to the subgrade and pavement model; and a sensor is arranged in the subgrade and pavement model. A fatigue test method comprises the following steps of (a) constructing the subgrade and pavement model; (b) hoisting a model case; (c) mounting the MTS acting head; (d) connecting the loading head; (e) setting a loading model; (f) acquiring data; (g) stopping loading; (h) continuing testing; and (i) analyzing data. Compared with special accelerating and loading equipment, the fatigue testing device and the fatigue testing method have the advantages of low cost, short loading period, reasonable test data and low test cost, have obvious beneficial effects, and are convenient to popularize and use.

The invention relates to a method for preparing antistaling agent of vegetable and fruit, wherein the invention uses soluble macromolecule material as film carrier to be dissolved in deionized water to obtain filming solution; with agent, disperses nanometer material into said filming solution. And the invention also provides relative application, while the antistaling agent has long antistaling time.

The invention discloses a direct current cable insulating material added with rare earth nanoparticles and a preparation method for the direct current cable insulating material. The direct current cable insulating material comprises a polyolefin material, modified rare earth nanoparticles, a peroxide cross-linking agent and a phenolic antioxidant, wherein the modified rare earth nanoparticles are obtained by modifying the rare earth nanoparticles by using a silane coupling agent. The direct current cable insulating material added with the rare earth nanoparticles is obtained by mixing the modified rare earth nanoparticles, the polyolefin material and the phenolic antioxidant by adopting a closed mixing mill and performing cross-linking by using the peroxide cross-linking agent. According to the direct current cable insulating material added with the rare earth nanoparticles and the preparation method for the direct current cable insulating material, the modified rare earth nanoparticles are added, so that spatial charge accumulation characteristics of insulation of a nano composite material are improved, spatial charge accumulation is suppressed, and the influence of field intensity enhancement caused by direct current and temperature gradient is weakened.

The invention claims an electromagnetic type dynamic plate load test detecting device and a method. The device disclosed by the invention is characterized in that an electromagnet assembly, an impacting rod and an impact seat plate assembly are respectively arranged above an external sleeve, in the external sleeve and under the external sleeve; a plurality of levels of electromagnet accelerating coils are arranged on the inner side wall of the external sleeve; the levels of electromagnet accelerating coils are respectively in external connection with a circuit control system; the impact seat plate assembly comprises an impact seat and a bearing flat plate; the bearing flat plate is fixed at the bottom of the impact seat; the impact seat plate assembly is statically arranged; the external sleeve is sleeved into the impact seat; and the method disclosed by the invention is characterized by realizing acceleration of the impacting rod by discharging via the plurality of levels of electromagnet accelerating coils in the process of impacting the impact seat via the impacting rod in order to improve the impact energy and speed. By adopting an electromagnetic type graded accelerating impact rod in the device disclosed by the invention, the impact energy and the speed of the impacting rod can be effectively improved; the realized impact force is more than 1000 times to the weight of the impacting rod; and electric supply is taken as a dynamic source, so that the device disclosed by the invention can be better applied to vertical and horizontal foundation plate load test detection.

The invention provides a preparation method of a fiber reinforced polymer sheet, and relates to a manufacturing method of the fiber reinforced polymer sheet used for enhancing and reinforcing an engineering structure. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: preparing a mixed fiber cloth; performing local reinforcement on two ends; and obtaining a finished product by a process of folding the mixed fiber cloth and prefabricating the two ends into waveform. The fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheet prepared by the method is small in width, is easy to be clamped and anchored by a wave-shaped-gear grip anchor, can bring the ultimate strength into full play, can significantly improve the reinforcement effect of the engineering structure, and is simple in manufacturing process, convenient in construction and low in cost. The method provided by the invention has the characteristics of flexible preparation mode, simple process, less production equipment, low cost and the like. The FRP sheet prepared by the method is widely used for enhancing and reinforcing newly-built or built engineering structures, and is particularly suitable to be used as a prestressed material to reinforce bridges or building constructions, and used as a stay cable, a suspension rod and the like for manufacturing bridges.

The invention discloses an electromagnetic semi-continuous casting method for preparing a high-strength heat-resistant rare-earth magnesium alloy ingot blank. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: batching, smelting and casting molding, namely by adopting a mold provided with an excitation coil, allowing melt to flow into the mold, and applying a low-frequency electromagnetic field of specified frequency and strength; starting a casting machine and performing throwing casting when the metal liquid level in the mold reaches the liquid level height which is 30-40mm away from the horizontal position on the top of the mold, wherein the casting speed is 50-90mm / min, the casting temperature is 740-750DEG C; and the applied low-frequency electromagnetic frequency ranges from 1 to 90Hz, and the strength is 2000-4000AT. According to the method, the transverse temperature gradient in the process of solidifying the casting blank can be greatly reduced, the liquid pool shape is changed, the solidification uniformity of the casting blank is improved, the size effect of the casting blank casting defects is reduced, the internal metallurgical quality and surface quality of a large vertical semi-continuous casting rare-earth magnesium alloy ingot blank are improved, and a high-quality rare-earth magnesium alloy ingot blank which does not have cracks and is even and smooth in surface, stable in components, obviously low in macrosegregation and fine and uniform in texture can be obtained.

The invention discloses a graphene oxide-modified polyurethane-cellulose battery separator and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of a lithium battery material. The composite cellulose separator is a wet-state graphene oxide-modified polyurethane-cellulose film material which is prepared by dissolving cellulose in an ionic liquid [Amin]Cl, performing crosslinking reaction with6-methylene diisocyanate and then mixing with graphene oxide, the separator is prepared by solvent replacement and drying, and the composite separator can be used for a non-aqueous lithium battery separator material. The separator prepared by the method has relatively good thermal resistance, chemical solvent resistance and mechanical property; and moreover, the regenerative cellulose is used as araw material, and the separator has the advantages of low cost and biological degradability.

The invention discloses a lignin-based biodegradable polymer composite film which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of a biodegradable polymer material, 5-30 parts of lignin and 0.2-6 part of caprolactone. The invention also provides a preparation method of the lignin-based biodegradable polymer composite film. The preparation method has the advantages thatthe prepared lignin-based biodegradable polymer composite film is high in tensile strength and tear strength, resistant to ultraviolet radiation, flame-retardant, simple in preparation process, low-carbon, environment-friendly, high in production efficiency and easy to industrialize.

The invention relates to a pressure sensor which is applicable to grain pressure testing and belongs to the field of sensors. The pressure sensor comprises a bottom plate, side plates, sleeves, springs, a sliding resistor, pin shafts, a guiding rod and a top plate, wherein the bottom plate and the side plates are welded into a whole and form a cube which is provided with an opening formed in the upper surface, the sleeves are fixed on the upper surface of the bottom plate, each spring is installed outside one sleeve, the pin shafts and the guiding rod are fixed on the lower surface of the top plate, the pin shafts are matched with the sleeves, the top plate can move upwards and downwards, and the sliding resistor is fixed between the bottom plate and the top plate. The springs are deformed after the pressure of grain acts on the top plate of the sensor, the top plate moves downward to drive the guiding rod to move downward, the resistance value of the sliding resistor is changed, a voltage signal is changed, and therefore pressure sensing can be achieved. According to the pressure sensor, the theory of large deformation of the springs is utilized, the bearing area is large, and the grain granular mixtures can uniformly and effectively act on the bearing surface of the sensor. The pressure sensor has the advantages of being simple in structure, good in stability, high in reliability, good in durability and low in cost.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a paramagnetic polyphosphazene nanotube magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. The method is characterized by firstly taking hexachlorocyclotriphosphazenes and 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone as comonomers and triethylamine as an acid binding agent to carry out polymerization under room temperature to prepare the polyphosphazene nanotube and obtaining a polyphosphazene nanotube ligand after purifying the polyphosphazene nanotube; and then reacting the ligand with paramagnetic metal inorganic salt, finally centrifuging the reactant, washing the product three times respectively with water and absolute ethyl alcohol, thus obtaining the solid powder of the magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent after drying. The method is strong in operability, wide in application range, simple in equipment requirement, low in cost and high in yield and can be used for mass production in industry application. The magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent of the invention is a novel polymer nanotube magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. The relaxation rate of the magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent is as high as 42.88-237.83mmol / L*s and is 12-65 times that of the commercial magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents Gd-DTPA (with relaxation rate of 3.64mmol / L*s).

A process for preparing the gene carrier includes such steps as proportionally mixing Ca(NO3)2 solution with (NH4)H2PO4 solution at 1500 rpm, and treating the obtained deposit at 200 deg.C and 200 rpm under 200 mv for 4 hr to obtain hydroxy apatite nanoparticles, which can be used as biologic ceramic material with high biocompatibility.

The invention discloses thick-film resistor paste with a low size effect. The thick-film resistor paste comprises a functional material, glass powder, light-burned mullite, dolomite, an organic carrier and an optional additive. According to the invention, the light-burned mullite and the dolomite are introduced to optimize the graphic effect after the resistor is sintered, so that the resistor has the advantage that the graphic effect is not obvious, and the use requirements of thick film integrated circuits with different graphic sizes and chip resistor products with different specifications can be met.

The application discloses functional nanometer material-antigen composite nanoparticles and a preparation method and application thereof. The composite nanoparticles comprise a functional nanometer material and an antigen. The preparation method is simple, the defect that a free antigen is weak in immunogenicity to cause that ideal tumor immune efficacy cannot be achieved, is overcome, and the problem that at current, imaging and tumor immunotherapy are separate, can be solved. The dual purposes of fluorescent imaging or magnetic resonance imaging and tumor immunotherapy can be achieved.

The invention discloses an anti-aging flame-retardant PVC material and a preparation method and application of the anti-aging flame-retardant PVC material in a wire or a cable. The anti-aging flame-retardant PVC material comprises the following raw materials: PVC, a calcium-zinc stabilizer 5-10, octyl phthalate, calcium carbonate, zinc stearate, an antioxidant, acidic lignin, zinc stannate, dimer acid diisocyanate and ALLCHEM360. According to the preparation method of the wire or the cable, the preparation comprises the following steps: preparing by using the materials, mixing the acidic lignin, the zinc stearate, the zinc stannate, the dimer acid diisocyanate and the ALLCHEM360 for 10-30 minutes, and then carrying out ball milling on the mixture for 2-8 hours to obtain a ball-milled mixture; and mixing the ball-milled mixture with other raw materials to obtain a precursor, and carrying out melt blending extrusion and granulation on the precursor to obtain the material. According to the application of the wire or the cable, the material is used for preparing the wire or the cable. The prepared green, environment-friendly, anti-aging and flame-retardant PVC wire and cable material is high in tensile strength, strong in anti-aging capability, good in flame retardance, simple in preparation process, low-carbon, environment-friendly and easy to industrialize.

The invention discloses an unconsolidated formation grouting experimental device. The unconsolidated formation grouting experimental device comprises a grouting machine tool, a grouted body container (18), a water pressure control system, a confining pressure system and a monitoring system. The grouting machine tool is communicated into an accommodating cavity of the grouted body container (18); the water pressure control system is communicated into the accommodating cavity of the grouted body container (18) through a conveying pipeline (14); the confining pressure system comprises a pressure source gas cylinder (10), a gas pipe (12) and a high-pressure gas bag (17) arranged in the grouted body container (18), and the high-pressure gas bag (17) after gas filling is attached to the inner wall of the grouted body container (18); and the monitoring system comprises an external information collection device (21) and a pressure sensor (19) arranged in the grouted body container (18), and the information collection device (21) is connected with the pressure sensor (19) through a connecting wire (22). The unconsolidated formation grouting experimental device disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in assembly, easiness in measurement operation, accurate and reliable test results, wide range of applications and the like.

The invention discloses a carbon quantum dot doped liquid chromatography filler and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method comprises the steps that silica gel is acidified, a silanization reagent, a catalyst, a reaction solvent and the acidified silica gel are mixed, heated, stirred and refluxed, and double-bond modified silica gel is obtained; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing and pre-polymerizing a functional monomer, a pore-foaming agent and template molecules to obtain a pre-polymerization system, adding a cross-linking agent, double-bond modified silica gel, an initiator and carbon quantum dots into the pre-polymerization system, carrying out programmed heating, stirring for a period of time, washing and drying to obtain the carbon quantum dot doped liquid chromatography filler. According to the chromatographic packing prepared by the invention, the properties of small size effect, high specific surface area, abundant acting sites and the like of the carbon quantum dot material are combined with the unique selectivity of the molecularly imprinted polymer and various excellent properties that the porous silica gel is suitable for being used as a chromatographic separation material carrier; therefore, the method is suitable for separation and analysis of various small-molecule polar drugs.

The invention discloses a processing method of a high-precision printed connector PCB, wherein the processing method comprises performing a drill slot forming step on key areas at two sides of the printed connector, wherein a 1.0 mm stiffened slotting cutter in the drill slot forming step, the holes are intersected, and one hole is drilled every 0.15mm for forming a smooth profile area. A photosensitive dry film for pattern transfer is a Hitachi H-640 thick metal dry film with relatively high hole sealing performance and relatively high electroplating resistance, and in production, a pressure is applied on the product line for keeping a washing pressure to 1kg / cm<2>. The processing method of the high-precision printed connector PCB has advantages of high processing precision, high product reliability, high process capability and low cost.

The invention discloses a test system for simulating the multi-field coupling effect of an offshore wind power rock-socketed pile. The test system comprises a water tank body, the offshore wind powerrock-socketed pile is arranged in the water tank body, the offshore wind power rock-socketed pile is arranged in a rock-soil test box, and the rock-soil test box is arranged on an earthquake simulation system; a turning wind field simulation system is arranged on one side of the offshore wind power rock-socketed pile and can provide a wind field with 180 DEG spatial change; and a wave generation system is mounted in the water tank body, a water supply and drainage system is installed on the side face of the water tank body, and a flow generation system is arranged at the bottom of the water tank body. Simulation of all loads can be realized, 180 DEG real-time conversion simulation of the typhoon wind direction can be realized, and cooperative work among the water tank, the vibration tableand the rock-soil test box can be realized.

The invention discloses a manufacture method of a large-scale geomechanical model. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) pressing prefabricated standard modules; (2) numbering the pressed prefabricated standard modules respectively and making a design drawing with standard modules being assembled into a model; (3) according to the design drawing, employing a caking agent in order to build the standard modules into a shape; (4) introducing a measuring line on a measuring element out of a model body and to connected with measurement equipment. According to a geomechanical model prefabricated standard module building forming method, the production process of a large-scale true three-dimensional mechanical model is improved, serious stratification of enclosing rocks and a deviation phenomenon of pre-buried measurement element caused by stratification molding in a present geomechanical model manufacture process are overcome, and the manufacture quality of the model is improved. The method has the advantages of high efficiency, being fast and economic, simple operation of equipment, uniform model entity, capability of scaled standardized production and the like, and the high quality operation of a three-dimensional mechanical model experiment is effectively ensured.

A method and equipment for vertical semi-continuous casting of light alloy large-size ingots with synergistic effects of power ultrasound and low-frequency electromagnetics, which adopts vertical semi-continuous casting of light alloy large-size ingots that can be applied with the synergy of two external fields, power ultrasound and low-frequency electromagnetics Equipment, apply low-frequency electromagnetic field and power ultrasonic field or low-frequency electromagnetic oscillation field and power ultrasonic field at the same time during the casting process, the power ultrasonic field acts on the axis of the crystallizer, and the electromagnetic field acts near the surface of the metal melt, through the adjustment of the two external field parameters Realize the synergistic effect, so that the whole volume of the external field can be cast during the solidification process of the crystallizer melt; The size effect of ingot casting defects, greatly improving the internal and surface quality of vertical semi-continuous casting light alloy large ingots.