The invention discloses nondestructive on-line quality inspection equipment and method applicable to powder spreading type additive manufacturing and belongs to the field of nondestructive inspection.A forming assembly of the equipment is provided with a power spreading quality inspection module, a constituent inspection module, a defect inspection module, a deformation inspection module, a stress inspection module and a dimensional precision inspection module. All the modules can work separately and simultaneously; and the nondestructive on-line quality inspection equipment is high in use flexibility. By means of the equipment, comprehensive integrated inspection is conducted on powder spreading quality, component constituents, defects, deformation, the stress and dimensional precision in the powder spreading type additive manufacturing and forming process; powerful guarantee can be provided for the forming process of metal components of different materials, dimensions and structuresand in different shapes, and thus the excellent-quality metal components are manufactured one time efficiently; the yield can be increased to a certain extent; and economic losses are reduced. The nondestructive on-line quality inspection equipment and method can be widely applied to manufacturing of various types of powder spreading type additives of heat sources utilizing laser, electron beams,plasmas and the like.