The invention relates to a preparation method of an aluminum nitride-aluminum composite material, and belongs to the field of electronic packaging materials, wherein the method comprises: ion carbonitriding treatment, cleaning, mixing, sintering and gaseous aluminizing. According to the method, hollow aluminum oxide micro-beads are changed into hollow aluminum nitride micro-beads with nano-scale perforations in the shell wall by adopting an ion carbonitriding process, wherein the temperature of the vacuum ion carbonitriding heat treatment is 1200 to 1450 DEG C, the heating rate is 5-20 DEG C / min, and the heat preservation time is 30-60 min; a porous aluminum nitride billet is obtained without adding of pore forming agents and foaming agents; and an aluminum nitride-aluminum composite material with high density, high thermal conductivity and high comprehensive mechanical strength is obtained through a gaseous aluminizing process. According to the invention, the composite material is widely applied to high-temperature heat dissipation elements, high-power microwave integrated circuits, power electronic devices, high-power laser or LED lighting electronic packaging.