The invention relates to a pre-crosslinking gel retarding-swelling microsphere profile control agent and a preparation method and application thereof. The pre-crosslinking gel retarding-swelling microsphere profile control agent comprises a polyacrylic acid grafting prepolymer, an acrylamide monomer, a hydrophobic monomer, an anti-salt monomer, a temperature-resistant tackifying monomer, pure alkaline, a composite surfactant, modified kaolin powder, a composite crosslinking agent, an initiator and deionized water. The pre-crosslinking gel retarding-swelling microsphere profile control agent has the advantages that by selecting particular components, particularly modifying multiple components, and utilizing the comprehensive synergistic and promoting functions of multiple technical features, the profile control agent with excellent result is obtained; the excellent high temperature-resistant property, high salt-resistant property, good tackifying property, plugging property and the like are realized; the good application prospect and industrial potential are realized in the field of petroleum exploitation.