The invention discloses a high-performance catalyst for preparing olefin through dehydrogenation of light alkane and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: steeping active components by adopting a steeping method of forming a stable complexing solution under the existence of an inorganic and / or organic acid, drying, burning, carrying out hydrogen reduction and activating to obtain the high-performance catalyst by taking high-temperature composite oxide containing one or mixture of multiple of aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide and zinc oxide as a carrier, one or multiple of metals such as ruthenium, rhodium, platinum and iridium as a main active component, one or multiple of metals such as germanium, tin or lead as a first additive, and one or multiple of alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium or francium as a second additive. Test results for light alkane dehydrogenation show that the catalyst has high catalytic activity, selectivity and stability.