867results about How to "Less sensitive" patented technology

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods and systems are disclosed that combine parallel chromatographic separation of a plurality of samples with a detection technique that involves post-separation treatment of the plurality of samples to enhance one or more properties of the sample or of a component thereof, followed by detection of the one or more enhanced properties. Selective, tunable detection schemes are achievable, and are particularly advantageous as applied in connection with combinatorial chemistry, combinatorial material science and more particularly, combinatorial synthesis and screening of polymeric materials.

Systems for determining structural integrity of a bone within the spine of a patient, the bone having a first aspect and a second aspect, wherein the second aspect separated from the first aspect by a width and located adjacent to a spinal nerve. A stimulator is configured to generate an electrical stimulus to be applied to the first aspect of the bone. A monitor is configured to electrically monitor a muscle myotome associated with the spinal nerve to detect if an onset neuro-muscular response occurs in response to the application of the electrical stimulus to the first aspect of the bone. An adjuster is configured to automatically increase the magnitude of the electrical stimulus to until the onset neuro-muscular response is detected. Lastly, a communicator is configured to communicate to a user via at least one of visual and audible means information representing the magnitude of the electrical stimulus which caused the onset neuro-muscular response.

A method of determining relative neuro-muscular response onset value thresholds for a plurality of spinal nerves, comprising: depolarizing a portion of the patient's cauda equina; and measuring the current intensity level at which a neuro-muscular response to the depolarization of the cauda equina is detected in each of the plurality of spinal nerves. A method for detecting the presence of a nerve adjacent the distal end of at least one probe, comprising: determining relative neuro-muscular response onset values for a plurality of spinal nerves; emitting a stimulus pulse from a probe or surgical tool; detecting neuro-muscular responses to the stimulus pulse in each of the plurality of spinal nerves; and concluding that the electrode disposed on the distal end of the at least one probe is positioned adjacent to a first spinal nerve when the neuro-muscular response detected in the first spinal nerve is detected as a current intensity level less than or equal to a corresponding neuro-muscular response onset value of the first spinal nerve.

Methods for determining structural integrity of a bone within the spine of a patient, the bone having a first aspect and a second aspect, wherein the second aspect separated from the first aspect by a width and located adjacent to a spinal nerve. The methods involve (a) applying an electrical stimulus to the first aspect of the bone; (b) electrically monitoring a muscle myotome associated with the spinal nerve to detect if an onset neuro-muscular response occurs in response to the application of the electrical stimulus to the first aspect of the bone; (c) automatically increasing the magnitude of the electrical stimulus to until the onset neuro-muscular response is detected; and (d) communicating to a user via at least one of visual and audible means information representing the magnitude of the electrical stimulus which caused the onset neuro-muscular response.

This invention relates to a flat float glass that can be prestressed or transformed into a glass ceramic with high quartz mixed crystals or keatite mixed crystals. To eliminate undesirable surface defects during floating and to achieve superior characteristics of the glass or of he glass ceramic, in particular with regard to a low coefficient of thermal expansion and high light transmittance, the glass has a concentration of less than 300 ppb Pt, less than 30 ppb Rh, less than 1.5 wt. % ZnO and less than 1 wt. % SnO2, and is refined during melting without the use of the conventional fining agents arsenic oxide and / or antimony oxide.

An audio fingerprint is extracted from an audio sample, where the fingerprint contains information that is characteristic of the content in the sample. The fingerprint may be generated by computing an energy spectrum for the audio sample, resampling the energy spectrum logarithmically in the time dimension, transforming the resampled energy spectrum to produce a series of feature vectors, and computing the fingerprint using differential coding of the feature vectors. The generated fingerprint can be compared to a set of reference fingerprints in a database to identify the original audio content.

The invention pertains to a lithographic apparatus including a radiation system configured to condition a beam of radiation; a projection system configured to project the beam of radiation onto a target portion of a substrate; a displacement device configured to move the moveable object relative to the projection system in substantially a first direction and a second direction differing from the first direction; and a measuring device configured to measure a displacement of the moveable object in a third direction, which is substantially perpendicular to the first direction and to the second direction, wherein the measuring device may include an encoder system.

In accordance with the present invention, a built-up bump pad structure and method for the same are provided. The bump pad structure includes a substrate, a bump pad disposed upon the substrate, a solder mask disposed upon the substrate defining an opening around the bump pad, and a conductive material deposited upon the bump pad such that the conductive material at least partially fills the opening around the bump pad.

The present invention is directed to a method of forming an FeRAM integrated circuit, which includes performing a capacitor stack etch to define the FeRAM capacitor. The method comprises etching a PZT ferroelectric layer with a high temperature BCl3 etch which provides substantial selectivity with respect to the hard mask. Alternatively, the PZT ferroelectric layer is etch using a low temperature fluorine component etch chemistry such as CHF3 to provide a non-vertical PZT sidewall profile. Such a profile prevents conductive material associated with a subsequent bottom electrode layer etch from depositing on the PZT sidewall, thereby preventing leakage or a “shorting out” of the resulting FeRAM capacitor.

This invention relates to a flat float glass that can be prestressed or transformed into a glass ceramic with high quartz mixed crystals or keatite mixed crystals. To eliminate undesirable surface defects during floating and to achieve superior characteristics of the glass or of he glass ceramic, in particular with regard to a low coefficient of thermal expansion and high light transmittance, the glass has a concentration of less than 300 ppb Pt, less than 30 ppb Rh, less than 1.5 wt. % ZnO and less than 1 wt. % SnO2, and is refined during melting without the use of the conventional fining agents arsenic oxide and / or antimony oxide.

Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for implementing a multi-factor authentication scheme utilizing barcode images in computing devices, such as standard mobile devices and smartphones having no native hardware support for reading barcodes other than standard digital camera componentry for capturing digital images of real-world phenomena. A mobile device may be configured by software to require a user, as a first authentication factor, to present a barcode, such as a Quick Response (QR) Code for image scanning using digital camera componentry built into the mobile device. The device analyzes the digital image of the barcode to decode the barcode into its encoded character data. If the device recognizes the character data as valid, then, as a second authentication factor, the device prompts the user to enter a valid password associated with the barcode. If the user-entered barcode is also valid, then the device may grant the user access.

The invention relates to a method for calibrating a vectorial network analyser having n measurement ports and at least 2n measurement locations (n>1) by successive measurement of the reflection and transmission parameters at different two-port calibration standards, which are connected between the measurement ports in any desired order and must all have a transmission path, and three different n-port calibration standards, which are connected between the measurement ports in any desired order and which are not permitted to show transmission and by calculation of error coefficient and scattering matrix [Sx] with the 10-term or 7-term multiport method. An object of the invention is to propagate a method for calibrating these vectorial network analyser used for multiport measurement which permits a calibration with increased precision and considerable reproducibility of measurement. This problem is solved by the measurements of a thru standard, which is contacted between each possible measurement port combination, of n known, if appropriate different impedance standards and two unknown, there selves calibrated reflection standards at a n-one-port.

A novel time-to-digital converter (TDC) used as a phase / frequency detector and charge pump replacement in an all-digital PLL within a digital radio processor. The TDC core is based on a pseudo-differential digital architecture making it insensitive to NMOS and PMOS transistor mismatches. The time conversion resolution is equal to an inverter propagation delay, e.g., 20 ps, which is the finest logic-level regenerative timing in CMOS. The TDC is self calibrating with the estimation accuracy better than 1%. The TDC circuit can also serve as a CMOS process strength estimator for analog circuits in large SoC dies. The circuit also employs power management circuitry to reduce power consumption to a very low level.

The invention provides a miniature robust fiber optic pressure sensor. The miniature fiber optic sensor comprises a Fabry-Perot chip bonded to an optical fiber. The invention provides a new sensor design that reduces the amount of adhesive required to bond the optical fiber to the Fabry-Perot sensor such that the sensor is less sensitive to moisture. The invention also provides manufacturing methods of the sensor comprising a method based on etching and a method based on using an excimer laser. The invention also provides a chip design that renders the chip less sensitive to thermal changes. The invention also provides a chip design in which a sensor diaphragm has a well-defined thickness. The invention also provides a chip design that protects the chip from etching.

An audio fingerprint is extracted from an audio sample, where the fingerprint contains information that is characteristic of the content in the sample. The fingerprint may be generated by computing an energy spectrum for the audio sample, resampling the energy spectrum, transforming the resampled energy spectrum to produce a series of feature vectors, and computing the fingerprint using differential coding of the feature vectors. The generated fingerprint can be compared to a set of reference fingerprints in a database to identify the original audio content.