2434 results about "Energy spectrum" patented technology

An audio fingerprint is extracted from an audio sample, where the fingerprint contains information that is characteristic of the content in the sample. The fingerprint may be generated by computing an energy spectrum for the audio sample, resampling the energy spectrum logarithmically in the time dimension, transforming the resampled energy spectrum to produce a series of feature vectors, and computing the fingerprint using differential coding of the feature vectors. The generated fingerprint can be compared to a set of reference fingerprints in a database to identify the original audio content.

An audio fingerprint is extracted from an audio sample, where the fingerprint contains information that is characteristic of the content in the sample. The fingerprint may be generated by computing an energy spectrum for the audio sample, resampling the energy spectrum logarithmically in the time dimension, transforming the resampled energy spectrum to produce a series of feature vectors, and computing the fingerprint using differential coding of the feature vectors. The generated fingerprint can be compared to a set of reference fingerprints in a database to identify the original audio content.

A spectrally encoded endoscopic probe having high resolution and small diameter comprising at least one flexible optical fiber; an energy source; a grating through which said energy is transmitted such that the energy spectrum is dispersed; a lens for focusing the dispersed energy spectrum onto a sample such that the impingement spot for each wavelength is a separate position on the sample, the wavelength spectrum defining a wavelength encoded axis; means for mechanically scanning the sample with focused energy in a direction perpendicular to the wavelength encoded axis; a means for receiving energy reflected from the sample; and, a means for detecting the received reflected energy. The probe grating and lens delivers a beam of multi-spectral light having spectral components extending in one dimension across a target region and which is moved to scan in another direction. The reflected spectrum is measured to provide two dimensional imaging of the region.

A radiographing apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention is characterized in that an image processing device comprises an acquisition device which acquires projection data of a first energy spectrum and projection data of a second energy spectrum, and a synthetic image generating device which synthesizes a first image on the basis of the projection data of the first energy spectrum, and a second image on the basis of the projection data of the second energy spectrum according to a predetermined synthetic condition, and generating a synthetic image, and a display device displays the generated synthetic image.

Suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) by broadening the energy spectrum of participating SBS photons and / or phonons is achieved in an optical fiber having a core with both radially nonuniform viscosity and CTE profiles provided by alternating layers of glass modifying dopants such as phosphorous and fluorine. The nonuniform thermal expansion and viscosity profiles impart a residual, permanent, nonuniform stress in the fiber. The SBS suppressing effect provided by the nonuniform stress can be controlled and enhanced by applying a uniform or nonuniform tensile force to the fiber as it is being drawn. A preform for the fiber is also disclosed.

A method of enhancing image quality and providing tissue composition information by analysis of energy discrimination data, the method comprising determining a radiation dosage at one or more energy spectrum levels based on patient parameters and user selected parameters. Computer-readable medium and systems that afford functionality of the type defined by this method are also contemplated in conjunction with the present technique.

An alloy having a large band gap range is used in a multijunction solar cell to enhance utilization of the solar energy spectrum. In one embodiment, the alloy is In1−xGaxN having an energy bandgap range of approximately 0.7 eV to 3.4 eV, providing a good match to the solar energy spectrum. Multiple junctions having different bandgaps are stacked to form a solar cell. Each junction may have different bandgaps (realized by varying the alloy composition), and therefore be responsive to different parts of the spectrum. The junctions are stacked in such a manner that some bands of light pass through upper junctions to lower junctions that are responsive to such bands.

A dual-energy x-ray imaging system searches a moving automobile for concealed objects. Dual energy operation is achieved by operating an x-ray source at a constant potential of 100 KV to 150 KV, and alternately switching between two beam filters. The first filter is an atomic element having a high k-edge energy, such as platinum, gold, mercury, thallium, lead, bismuth, and thorium, thereby providing a low-energy spectrum. The second filter provides a high-energy spectrum through beam hardening. The low and high energy beams passing through the automobile are received by an x-ray detector. These detected signals are processed by a digital computer to create a steel suppressed image through logarithmic subtraction. The intensity of the x-ray beam is adjusted as the reciprocal of the measured automobile speed, thereby achieving a consistent radiation level regardless of the automobile motion. Accordingly, this invention provides images of organic objects concealed within moving automobiles without the detritus effects of overlying steel and automobile movement.

A dual-energy x-ray imaging system searches a moving automobile for concealed objects. Dual energy operation is achieved by operating an x-ray source at a constant potential of 100 KV to 150 KV, and alternately switching between two beam filters. The first filter is an atomic element having a high k-edge energy, such as platinum, gold, mercury, thallium, lead, bismuth, and thorium, thereby providing a low-energy spectrum. The second filter provides a high-energy spectrum through beam hardening. The low and high energy beams passing through the automobile are received by an x-ray detector. These detected signals are processed by a digital computer to create a steel suppressed image through logarithmic subtraction. The intensity of the x-ray beam is adjusted as the reciprocal of the measured automobile speed, thereby achieving a consistent radiation level regardless of the automobile motion. Accordingly, this invention provides images of organic objects concealed within moving automobiles without the detritus effects of overlying steel and automobile movement.

A method for facilitating a reduction in artifacts includes receiving data regarding a first energy spectrum of a scan of an object, and receiving data regarding a second energy spectrum of a scan of the object, wherein the second energy spectrum is different than the first energy spectrum. The method further includes reconstructing at least one original first energy image using the first energy spectrum data, reconstructing at least one original second energy image using the second energy spectrum data, transforming at least one original second energy image into at least one transformed first energy image, and combining at least one original first energy image with at least one transformed first energy image to generate a combined first energy image.

An audio fingerprint is extracted from an audio sample, where the fingerprint contains information that is characteristic of the content in the sample. The fingerprint may be generated by computing an energy spectrum for the audio sample, resampling the energy spectrum, transforming the resampled energy spectrum to produce a series of feature vectors, and computing the fingerprint using differential coding of the feature vectors. The generated fingerprint can be compared to a set of reference fingerprints in a database to identify the original audio content.

The invention discloses an intelligent fault classification and location method for an ultra-high voltage direct current transmission line, and belongs to the technical field of relay protection of power systems. The method comprises the following steps of: classifying fault data by using a neural network by adopting a layered and distributed neural network model; distinguishing fault types; sending the classified data into different neural networks respectively for performing fault location; when the direct current transmission line has a fault and a sampling frequency is 10 kHz, selecting a discrete line mode voltage signal which has the sampling sequence length of 100 after the fault and performing S-transform, wherein a transform result is a complex time-frequency matrix of 51*100; solving the modulus of each element in the complex matrix to obtain transient energy distribution of the line mode voltage at all frequencies; selecting first five energy spectrums as sample properties; selecting a transfer function and a learning rule; setting proper neural network parameters for constructing a BP network model; and performing fault classification and fault location. A large number of simulation results show that the method has a good effect.

A method and apparatus for discriminating the types of radiation interacting with an integrated radiation detector having of a pulse-mode operating photosensor which is optically coupled to a gamma-ray scintillator sensor and a neutron scintillator sensor and uses an analog to digital converter (ADC) and a charge to digital converter (QDC) to determine scintillation decay times and classify radiation interactions by radiation type. The pulse processing provides for, among other things, faithful representation of the true energy spectrum of the gamma radiation field and allows for radioisotope identification by searching for the presence of characteristic energy lines in the gamma energy spectrum. The pulse shape discrimination method ensures that the high sensitivity and resolution of the isotope identification function is not affected during operation in mixed neutron-gamma fields.

The design of a compact, high-efficiency, high-flux capable compact-accelerator fusion neutron generator (FNG) is discussed. FNG's can be used in a variety of industrial analysis applications to replace the use of radioisotopes which pose higher risks to both the end user and national security. High efficiency, long lifetime, and high power-handling capability are achieved though innovative target materials and ion source technology. The device can be scaled up for neutron radiography applications, or down for borehole analysis or other compact applications. Advanced technologies such as custom neutron output energy spectrum, pulsing, and associated particle imaging can be incorporated.

A spectrometer and method of spectroscopy are provided for surface analysis. The spectrometer comprises an energy analyser for analysing the energies of charged particles liberated from a sample, a lens arranged to project a diffraction image of the analysis area at the image plane of the lens and a detector for detecting the charged particles. The analyser and lens are arranged to generate an image at the detector in which the charged particles are distributed along a first direction according to their emission angles and are distributed along another direction according to their energies. The detector is arranged to detect the distribution of charged particles in the image along the first direction to provide angle resolved energy spectra.

The tap antenna unit includes signal splitting circuitry, coupled to a coaxial cable which is servicing a consumer electronic device, such as a television set, for splitting off a signal from the coaxial cable; a filter coupled to an output of the signal splitting circuitry for selecting a low-level sharp frequency band in the energy spectrum of the coaxial cable; circuitry for demodulating a signal carried by the low-level frequency band; circuitry for modulating the output signal onto a carrier in an unlicensed frequency band; and an output antenna which is coupled to the modulating circuitry and which is capable of transmitting the output modulated signal over a limited transmitting-receiving area.

A method for inferring the photoelectric absorption of a formation by directly mapping spectroscopic measurements of gamma rays induced in the formation using a fast neutron source. The mapping is accomplished by creating a polynomial function based on counts of gamma-ray events in the gamma-ray energy spectrum; the coefficients of the polynomial function are determined in known calibration environments, and the value of the polynomial is the inferred photoelectric absorption parameter. The spectroscopic measurements are preferably generated by sorting gamma-ray counts of the gamma-ray spectrum into a plurality of energy-dependent channels, and measuring these gamma-ray energy distributions during different portions of the firing cycle where different types of dominant gamma-ray production reactions occur.

The invention provides a radioactive substance detection method, a radioactive substance detection device and a radioactive substance detection system based on a gamma camera. The detection method comprises the following steps of: receiving gamma photons incident from all directions of a target angle plane (alpha, beta) defined by radioactive substances by using the gamma camera; generating gamma photon energy spectrums and projection data of the radioactive substances; and reconstructing the projection data by using a 'maximum likelihood estimation' statistical iterative algorithm to obtain a gamma radiation image with quantitative information. By the method, the spatial resolution and the signal to noise ratio of the gamma radiation image are increased, spaces of the radioactive substances are positioned, the radiation dose is measured, nuclide types of the radioactive substances are identified, and the radioactive activity is measured.

The invention discloses an experimental method for evaluating the oiliness of unconventionally-compacted shale reservoir stratums. According to the method, a closed coring saturation degree and fluorescent lamina technology can be used for effectively evaluating the oiliness of silty mudstones and siltstones; rock pyrolysis, laser co-focusing, a scanning electron microscope and an energy spectrum can be used for effectively evaluating the oiliness of the mudstones and the siltstones; technical indexes are matched with comprehensive application, mutual verification and mutual supplementation to effectively evaluate the microcosmic oiliness of the compacted and shale reservoir stratums. According to the experimental method, the method verification is carried out by taking a Qp1 well of an unconventional oil and gas exploratory well in the Daqing exploratory area as an example to, and new awareness can be obtained. The experimental method for evaluating the oiliness of the unconventionally-compacted shale reservoir stratums provides an experimental technology support to the seven-property evaluation of the oiliness of the unconventionally-compacted shale reservoir stratums and the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas.

The invention discloses a multi-energy-spectrum CT image reconstruction method based on projection estimation, wherein the method is used for reconstruction of density images of various base materials of a measured object. The method comprises the steps of directly reconstructing energy images of the measured object from collected multicolor projection data according to a traditional single-energy CT reconstruction method, calculating the line integral of each energy image in the radial directions of all other energy spectrums, estimating multicolor projections of a current energy spectrum in the directions, obtaining the multicolor projections with the consistent geometrical parameters, calibrating a various base material division function, dividing the estimated multicolor projections with the consistent geometrical parameters into the line integrals of the various base materials, and reconstructing the corresponding density images of the various base materials through the line integrals of the various base materials. The multi-energy-spectrum CT image reconstruction method based on projection estimation is simple, practical and suitable for multi-energy-spectrum CT image reconstruction when the geometrical parameters of the multicolor projections are not consistent. Compared with the prior art, the multi-energy-spectrum CT image reconstruction method has the advantage that high-quality images can be reconstructed only by estimating the multicolor projections with the consistent geometrical parameters through the measured projection data.

The invention discloses a rapid detection method of non-metallic inclusions in metal. The rapid detection method comprises the following five steps of: heating and smelting a metal test sample, separating the inclusions, detecting the total amounts and the sizes of the inclusions, condensing metal liquid, and detecting the three-dimensional shape and components of the inclusions. The invention further provides a special rapid detection device comprising a heating furnace device, a metal liquid rotation device, a video collection device and an image analysis system. The metal test sample is rapidly smelted and the steel liquid is driven to rotate; centrifugal force and gravity are used for rapidly upwards floating various non-metallic inclusions in the metal liquid and gathering the various non-metallic inclusions at the center of the surface of the metal liquid; high speed photography and video analysis software is used for rapidly obtaining the total amount and the size distribution of the non-metallic inclusions in the metal test sample; the metal liquid is rapidly cooled and condensed and the inclusions are cured on the surface of the metal test sample; and a scanning electron microscope and the energy spectrum analysis are used for obtaining the three-dimensional shapes and the components of the non-metallic inclusions in the metal test sample. According to the rapid detection method and the device disclosed by the invention, the direction is rapid and convenient, the analysis is accurate and visual, and cleaning and no pollution can be realized.

The invention discloses a real-time acoustic emission detection method for thermal barrier coating damage and a failure process thereof, which comprises the following steps that: a thermal barrier coating sample and an acoustic emission sensor are connected and coupled; a load is imposed on the thermal barrier coating sample, the acoustic emission sensor receives an acoustic wave signal emitted from the sample; the received acoustic wave signal is carried out through wavelet transform to obtain a wavelet energy spectrum coefficient distribution map, the damage pattern of the signal is determined according to the wavelet energy spectrum coefficient distribution map; the quantitative analysis of the damage is performed according to a relationship curve that the number of acoustic emission signal incidents of each damage pattern changes with the imposed load; a signal component under the scale where the maximum value of the wavelet energy spectrum coefficient is located is extracted, the time difference that the signal component reaches each sensor is calculated by a correlation analysis method, and the position of a damage source is determined by a time difference position method. The method can simply and quickly make a real-time detection to the damage of the thermal barrier coating material and also contributes to the accurate forecast to the life of the thermal barrier coating at the same time.

A spectrally encoded endoscopic probe having high resolution and small diameter comprising at least one flexible optical fiber; an energy source; a grating through which said energy is transmitted such that the energy spectrum is dispersed; a lens for focusing the dispersed energy spectrum onto a sample such that the impingement spot for each wavelength is a separate position on the sample, the wavelength spectrum defining a wavelength encoded axis; means for mechanically scanning the sample with focused energy in a direction perpendicular to the wavelength encoded axis; a means for receiving energy reflected from the sample; and, a means for detecting the received reflected energy. The probe grating and lens delivers a beam of multi-spectral light having spectral components extending in one dimension across a target region and which is moved to scan in another direction. The reflected spectrum is measured to provide two dimensional imaging of the region.

The application discloses systems and methods for X-ray scanning for identifying material composition of an object being scanned. The system includes at least one X-ray source for projecting an X-ray beam on the object, where at least a portion of the projected X-ray beam is transmitted through the object, and an array of detectors for measuring energy spectra of the transmitted X-rays. The measured energy spectra are used to determine atomic number of the object for identifying the material composition of the object. The X-ray scanning system may also have an array of collimated high energy backscattered X-ray detectors for measuring the energy spectrum of X-rays scattered by the object at an angle greater than 90 degrees, where the measured energy spectrum is used in conjunction with the transmission energy spectrum to determine atomic numbers of the object for identifying the material composition of the object.

The invention provides a single-phase ground fault section positioning method of a small-current ground system. The single-phase ground fault section positioning method comprises the steps of: 1) when the small-current ground system has a single-phase ground fault, recording zero-mode current of a previous cycle and zero-mode current of a next cycle at the moment when the single-phase ground fault occurs; 2) after a pure fault component of transient zero-mode current at the moment when the single-phase ground fault occurs is decomposed through an empirical mode, selecting out a highest-frequency intrinsic mode function component; 3) according to energy spectrum entropy of the highest-frequency intrinsic mode function component of each detection point, obtaining energy spectrum entropy factor values of the highest-frequency intrinsic mode function component of each detection section; and 4) conducting cluster analysis to sample set data consisting of the energy spectrum entropy factor values through a fuzzy C-means clustering method, determining a kind of sections which occur the most as a sound kind, i.e. sound sections, and determining a kind of sections which occur the least as a fault kind, i.e. fault sections. The single-phase ground fault section positioning method of the small-current ground system has the characteristics of high detection accuracy and good universality, and can be widely used in power systems.

The invention discloses a statistics distributed gamma or X ray energy spectrum unscrambling method which solves the problems of poor generality, large workload and poor precision of the traditional method. According to the invention, aiming at a Gaussian part in a gamma or X ray full-energy peak, a plurality of parameters with respective physical significances, which are obtained according to gamma or X ray detection characteristics are established, and solution processes of the parameters are illustrated. The statistics distributed gamma or X ray energy spectrum unscrambling method is technically characterized in that under the condition of stable or unchangeable simulation conditions of a gamma or X ray detector, the parameters are figured out once, and energy spectrum fitting can be carried out form a long time by using the parameters, so that the unscrambling realizing process is simplified and universalized, the defects of variable parameters and insufficient significance in the traditional energy spectrum fitting function or simulation energy spectrum widening function unscrambling method are avoided, and the analysis speed and the analysis precision of gamma or X ray energy spectrum analysis are improved.

The present invention provides an X-ray CT apparatus capable of improving image quality of a dual energy image. The X-ray CT apparatus comprises an X-ray tube for applying X rays having a first energy spectrum and X rays having a second energy spectrum different from the first energy spectrum to a subject, an X-ray data acquisition unit for acquiring X-ray projection data of the first energy spectrum projected onto the subject and X-ray projection data of the second energy spectrum projected thereonto, dual energy image reconstructing unit for image-reconstructing tomographic images indicative of X-ray tube voltage-dependent information at X-ray absorption coefficients related to a distribution of atoms, based on the X-ray projection data of the first energy spectrum and the X-ray projection data of the second energy spectrum, and adjusting unit for adjusting conditions for the image reconstruction in order to optimize the tomographic images indicative of the X-ray tube voltage-dependent information.

Signal data obtained from a piezoelectric sensor placed on a patient's body is used to detect the presence of a cardiac pulse. The piezoelectric sensor has a transducing element adapted to sense movement due to a cardiac pulse and produce piezoelectric signal data in response thereto. Processing circuitry analyzes the piezoelectric signal data for a feature indicative of a cardiac pulse and determines whether a cardiac pulse is present in the patient based on the feature. In one aspect, the feature may be a temporal feature such as a relative change in energy. In another aspect, the feature may be a spectral feature such as the energy or frequency of a peak in the energy spectrum of the signal. In yet another aspect, the feature may be obtained by comparing the piezoelectric signal data with a previously-identified pattern known to predict the presence of a cardiac pulse. Multiple features may also be obtained from the piezoelectric signal data and classified to determine the presence of a cardiac pulse.