The invention relates to an expansion type fire-retardant coating which contains organic silicon resin, and particularly comprises the components in part by weight: 10-40 parts of resin, 10-40 parts of catalyst, 5-20 parts of charcoal forming agent, 5-20 parts of foaming agent, and 3-15 parts of flame retardant, wherein the resin is selected from one or more of epoxy resin, phenolic resin, and acrylic resin as well as organic silicon resin. According to the invention, the shortcoming that the traditional fire-retardant coating is poor in heat stability is overcome; the coating has the characteristics of good fireproofing heat-insulating property, good bonding force, high strength, capability of bearing high and low-temperature circulation influence, excellent water resistance, acid resistance and salt corrosion resistance of coating layer, difficult in falling, stability in storage, good decoration property, convenience for construction and the like; during combustion, no smog or little smog is generated; and the coating is particularly suitable to be used as a fire-resistant coating for ultra-thin steel structures, veneer type fire-retardant coating and cable fire-retardant coating.