6746 results about "Low melting point" patented technology

Holey optical fibers (e.g. photonic fibers, random-hole fibers) are fabricated with quantum dots disposed in the holes. The quantum dots can provide light amplification and sensing functions, for example. When used for sensing, the dots will experience altered optical properties (e.g. altered fluorescence or absorption wavelength) in response to certain chemicals, biological elements, radiation, high energy particles, electrical or magnetic fields, or thermal / mechanical deformations. Since the dots are disposed in the holes, the dots interact with the evanescent field of core-confined light. Quantum dots can be damaged by high heat, and so typically cannot be embedded within conventional silica optical fibers. In the present invention, dots can be carried into the holes by a solvent at room temperature. The present invention also includes solid glass fibers made of low melting point materials (e.g. phosphate glass, lead oxide glass) with embedded quantum dots.

A semiconductor package including top-surface terminals for mounting another semiconductor package provides a three-dimensional circuit configuration that can provide removable connection of existing grid-array packages having a standard design. A semiconductor die is mounted on an electrically connected to a circuit substrate having terminals disposed on a bottom side for connection to an external system. The die and substrate are encapsulated and vias are laser-ablated or otherwise formed through the encapsulation to terminals on the top surface of the substrate that provide a grid array mounting lands to which another grid array semiconductor package may be mounted. The bottom side of the vias may terminate and electrically connect to terminals on the substrate, terminals on the bottom of the semiconductor package (through terminals) or terminals on the top of the semiconductor die. The vias may be plated, paste-filled, filled with a low melting point alloy and may have a conical profile for improved plating performance.

Polymer-based pads useful for polishing objects, particularly integrated circuits, having interconnected porosity which is uniform in all directions, and where the solid portion of said pad consists of a uniform continuously interconnected polymer material of greater than 50% of the gross volume of the article, are produced directly to final shape and dimension by pressure sintering powder compacts of thermoplastic polymer at a temperature above the glass transition temperature but not exceeding the melting point of the polymer and at a pressure in excess of 100 psi in a mold having the desired final pad dimensions. In a preferred version, a mixture of two polymer powders is used, where one polymer has a lower melting point than the other. When pressure sintered at a temperature not to exceed the melting point of the lower melting powder, the increased stiffness afforded by incorporation of the higher melting polymer component gives improved mechanical strength to the sintered product. Conditions for producing the pads of this invention are such that the polymer powder particles from which the pads are produced essentially retain their original shape and are point bonded to form the pad.

A surgical template for performing dental implant osteotomies comprises a malleable, resinous, thermoplastic base, at least one non-thermoplastic, rigid drill guide attached to the base, and a securing mechanism between the base and the drill guide. The template may reversibly melt to a malleable state and can be handled by hand without additional tools so as to conform to the adjacent teeth of the edentulous ridge, either directly in the patient's mouth or on a cast model. Dental osteotomies using the template can then be performed. The surgical template may be manufactured of a thermoplastic material having a sharp and low melting point but high rigidity in the solid state at room temperature.

The metallic components of a IB-IIIA-VIA photovoltaic cell active layer may be directly coated onto a substrate by using relatively low melting point (e.g., less than about 500° C.) metals such as indium and gallium. Specifically, CI(G)S thin-film solar cells may be fabricated by blending molten group IIIA metals with solid nanoparticles of group IB and (optionally) group IIIA metals. The molten mixture may be coated onto a substrate in the molten state, e.g., using coating techniques such as hot-dipping, hot microgravure and / or air-knife coating. After coating, the substrate may be cooled and the film annealed, e.g., in a sulfur-containing or selenium-containing atmosphere.

A low-melting point, heat transfer fluid made of a mixture of four inorganic nitrate salts: 9-18 wt % NaNO3, 40-52 wt % KNO3, 13-21 wt % LiNO3, and 20-27 wt % Ca(NO3)2. These compositions can have liquidus temperatures less than 100 C; thermal stability limits greater than 500 C; and viscosity in the range of 5-6 cP at 300 C; and 2-3 cP at 400 C.

Holey optical fibers (e.g. photonic fibers, random-hole fibers) are fabricated with quantum dots disposed in the holes. The quantum dots can provide light amplification and sensing functions, for example. When used for sensing, the dots will experience altered optical properties (e.g. altered fluorescence or absorption wavelength) in response to certain chemicals, biological elements, radiation, high energy particles, electrical or magnetic fields, or thermal / mechanical deformations. Since the dots are disposed in the holes, the dots interact with the evanescent field of core-confined light. Quantum dots can be damaged by high heat, and so typically cannot be embedded within conventional silica optical fibers. In the present invention, dots can be carried into the holes by a solvent at room temperature. The present invention also includes solid glass fibers made of low melting point materials (e.g. phosphate glass, lead oxide glass) with embedded quantum dots.

The lightweight bulletproof metal matrix macrocomposites (MMMC) contain (a) 10-99 vol. % of permeable skeleton structure of titanium, titanium aluminide, Ti-based alloys, and / or mixtures thereof infiltrated with low-melting metal selected from Al, Mg, or their alloys, and (b) 1-90 vol. % of ceramic and / or metal inserts positioned within said skeleton, whereby a normal projection area of each of said inserts is equal to or larger than the cross-section area of a bullet or a projectile body. The MMMC are manufactured as flat or solid-shaped, double-layer, or multi-layer articles containing the same inserts or different inserts in each layer, whereby insert projections of each layer cover spaces between inserts of the underlying layer. The infiltrated metal contains 1-70 wt. % of Al and Mg in the balance, optionally, alloyed with Ti, Si, Zr, Nb, V, as well as with 0-3 wt. % of TiB2, SiC, or Si3N4 sub-micron powders, to promote infiltrating and wetting by Al-containing alloys. The manufacture includes (a) forming the permeable metal powder and inserts into the skeleton-structured preform by positioning inserts in the powder followed by loose sintering in vacuum to provide the average porosity of 20-70%, (b) heating and infiltrating the porous preform with molten infiltrating metal for 10-40 min at 450-750° C., (c) hot isostatic pressing of the infiltrated composite, and (d) re-sintering or diffusion annealing.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from which pyrogen has been removed are provided for use in numerous biomedical applications. PHAs which have been chemically modified to enhance physical and / or chemical properties, for targeting or to modify biodegradability or clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), are described. Methods for depyrogenating PHA polymers prepared by bacterial fermentation processes are also provided, wherein pyrogens are removed from the polymers without adversely impacting the polymers' inherent chemical structures and physical properties. PHAs with advantageous processing characteristics, including low melting points and / or solubility in non-toxic solvents, are also described. PHAs are provided which are suitable for use in in vivo applications such as in tissue coatings, stents, sutures, tubing, bone and other prostheses, bone or tissue cements, tissue regeneration devices, wound dressings, drug delivery, and for diagnostic and prophylactic uses. Properties which are selected for include degradability, elasticity, inclusion of functional groups or derivatized groups, which can in turn be used to attach targeting agents, and bioadhesion.

An electrode for contacting an electrically conductive surface of a photovoltaic element includes an electrically insulating optically transparent film, an adhesive layer provided on a planar surface of the film, and a plurality of substantially parallel, electrically conductive wires embedded into the adhesive layer. The plurality of wires lies over the planar surface of the film. A part of the surfaces of the wires protrude from the adhesive layer. At least the part of the surfaces protruding from the adhesive layer are covered by a coating consisting of an alloy having a low melting point to solder the wires to the electrically conductive surface and to a first terminal bar. The adhesive layer has a thickness less that a thickness of the wires embedded therein.

A candle composition has a paraffin wax mixture of a high melting point paraffin wax and a low melting point paraffin wax, and a hydrogenated vegetable oil that is present in a greater amount than the mixture of the varying grades of paraffin wax, and the vegetable oil contains no more than 0.15% free fatty acid, with the remainder being triglycerides. Candles of the composition have good burn characteristics, particularly good fragrance intensity and produce a unique crystallization effect after the first burn.

The invention discloses a large-capacity nickel-metal hydride battery, comprising a pole plate group, wherein a diaphragm is arranged between the adjacent positive plate and negative plate, three pole ears with C-like distribution are arranged on the pole plates, and the positive plate and the negative plate are oppositely arranged at intervals; one side of the pole plate group is coated with a positive current collector, the outer side of the positive current collector is coated with a positive flow deflector, the positive flow deflector is connected with the positive current collector through a low-melting-point welding layer, a positive pole rod is arranged on the positive flow deflector, the outer side of the positive flow deflector is coated with a positive guard plate, and a positive cooling system is arranged between the positive guard plate and the positive flow deflector; and the negative side structure is the same as the positive side structure. The pole plate adopts the pole ears with C-like distribution, the positive and negative current collectors are connected with the corresponding pole ears, the flow deflector and the current collector are welded together through a low-melting-point silver alloy, the resistivity of a conductor can be reduced, and thus the charge and discharge rate can be increased to a maximum extent; and the positive cooling system and the negative cooling system can cool the temperature rise generated by high-rate charging and discharging of the batteries.

The invention relates to a phase-transition composite material which comprises: A) 30-65% of phase-transition materials which are low melting point paraffin with a melting point of 25-45 DEG C and / or dodecanol; B) 25-45% of carrier materials which are high density polyethylane and / or ethane-vinylacetate copolymer; C) 5-15% of inorganic fillers which are porous substances and are selected from one or two of expanded perlite and expandable graphite; D) 1-10% of heat-conduction reinforcing agents; and E) 1-10% of fire retardants. The composite material has an appropriate phase transition temperature which matches the building ambient temperature, has great phase transition latent heat, excellent heat-preservation and heat-insulation performance, is fireproof and flame-retardant, is easy to process, and has greatly reduced phase-transition material leakage. The invention also relates to a method for preparing the phase-transition composite material, which comprises the thermal insulation mortar of the phase-transition composite material and a method of heat preservation of a wall by using the mortar.

A lithium secondary battery includes an electricity generating portion in which positive electrode 60 and negative electrode 61 form a laminate through separator films 62 made of porous polymer so that the positive electrode 60 and the negative electrode 61 do not come in direct contact with each other, leads 65, 77 which are respectively connected to plural portions of the positive electrode 60 and the negative electrode 61 to make electricity collection, and a low melting point alloy member 76 as a current break mechanism being inserted in a current path of the inside of the battery, which is melted to break the current path when the temperature of the battery is raised over a predetermined temperature.

The present invention provides an optical recording medium which incorporates an inorganic based recording layer which has a high reflectance, sufficient for reproduction compatibility on devices such as CD-ROM drives, as well as a high degree of modulation between the state prior to recording and that after recording, as well as an information recording method therefor. Accordingly, an optical recording medium comprises a substrate (2) which is substantially transparent with respect to a recording light beam and a reproduction light beam, a first recording layer (3) which is layered on top of the substrate (2) and which incorporates as the main constituent a metal which has a low melting point and a high reflectance, and a second recording layer (4) which is layered on top of the first recording layer (3) and which will, due to heat generated from irradiation of a light beam through the substrate (2), either mix, or alternatively react, with the first recording layer (3) to form an alloy of low reflectance as well as forming irregularities or pitting in the surface, thereby enabling the recording of information. Due to the heat generated from irradiation of a recording light beam through the substrate (2) the first recording layer (3) and the second recording layer (4) are either mixed, or alternatively reacted to form an alloy as well as forming irregularities or pitting in the surface, thereby recording information.

Provided herein are blends oils or fatty acids comprising more than 50% medium chain fatty acids, or the fatty acid alkyl esters thereof, and having low melting points. Such blends are useful as a fuel or as a starting material for the production of, for example, a biodiesel. Also provided genetically altered or modified plants, modified such that the amount of medium chain fatty acids generated by the plant are increased. Further provided is a method of predicting the melting point of a blend of fatty acid methyl esters and the use of such a method for identifying blends suitable for use as, for example, a biodiesel.

Film formation is conducted at a low temperature to improve conversion efficiency and productivity and to enable a wider choice of substrate materials to be used. The invention relates to the light absorption layer of a CIS compound semiconductor thin-film solar cell and to a method of forming the layer. The light absorption layer comprises a compound represented by Cux(In1-yGay)(Se1-zSz)2 and having a chalcopyrite type structure, the proportions of the components satisfying 0.86≦x≦0.98, 0.05≦y≦0.25, 0≦z≦0.3, x=αT+β, α=0.015y−0.00025, and β=−7.9y+1.105, provided that T (° C.) is anneal temperature and the allowable range for x is ±0.02. The layer is formed by the selenization method at a low temperature (about 500≦T≦550). As the substrate is used a soda-lime glass having a low melting point.

A belt fixing unit, an image forming apparatus, and a toner material are disclosed capable of obviating undesirable fixing belt deformation and low image quality. The belt fixing unit includes a fixing roller, a heating roller, a fixing belt, and a pressing roller in contact with the fixing roller to form a fixing nip having the fixing belt intervening there between, the fixing belt including at least a base member formed of a heat-resisting resin having a thickness of 90 μm or smaller and acted upon by a tensile force of 0.49 N / mm or less. The toner is a low-melting point toner formed by subjecting a toner preparatory solution containing at least a prepolymer having a functional group containing a nitrogen atom, a polyester, a colorant and a releasing agent dispersed in an organic solvent to extension and / or crosslinking reactions in an aqueous medium.

The invention provides an electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane as well as a preparation method thereof. The electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane provided by the invention comprises a fiber membrane obtained by electrostatically spinning a high-melting-point polymer and a fiber membrane obtained by electrostatically spinning a low-melting-point polymer, wherein the difference on the melting points of the high-melting-point polymer and the low-melting-point polymer is not less than 10 DEG C. The electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane provided by the invention is multipurpose and can be applied to the fields such as biomedicines, energy and chemical industry, gas and liquid filtration, waterproofness and windproofness, windproofness and heat insulation, moisture permeability and ventilation, environmental management and semiconductor sensors. According to the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane provided by the invention, electrostatic spinning is respectively carried out on the high-melting-point polymer and the low-melting-point polymer, and the high-melting-point polymer fiber membrane and the low-melting-point polymer fiber membrane obtained are composited and hot-pressed to obtain the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane. The preparation method provided by the invention is high in production efficiency and low in energy consumption, and is suitable for industrial production.

A covering for window or doors includes a plurality of vanes mounted horizontally or vertically, the vanes being light in weight and longitudinally rigid. The vanes may be foam filled or may include a vane shell made from a polymer matrix, and in either case may optionally include a decorative fabric covering. In the hollow vane embodiment, the vane shell preferably includes a polymer matrix at least partially enveloping fibers, and in the most preferred embodiment is prepared from a fibrous batt including two different thermoplastic resin fibers, one having a lower melting point than the other. The vane shell is formed by thermally treating the batt to at least partially melt the lower melt fibers to at least partially envelope the higher melt fibers. Alternative embodiments of the invention described herein include the horizontal or vertical mounting of the foam core or hollow vanes, the attachment of sheer fabrics thereto, the use of ribbon or cord tilt control systems for the vanes, and other features which create door or window coverings providing light control, insulation, stacking to the side or top, and the capability for cordless operation when the vanes are used in a horizontal orientation.

A polymerizable compound has a practical low melting point, excellent solubility in a general-purpose solvent, and can produce an optical film at low cost, exhibits low reflected luminance, and achieves uniform conversion of polarized light over a wide wavelength band, an optically anisotropic article. A carbonyl compound is useful as a raw material for producing the polymerizable compound. (In the formula (I), Y1 to Y8 represent —C(═O)—O—, G1 and G2 represent a C1-20 divalent linear aliphatic group, Z1 and Z2 represent a C2-10 alkenyl group that is unsubstituted, or substituted with a halogen atom, Ax represents a C2-30 organic group with at least one aromatic ring, Ay represents a hydrogen atom or C1-20 alkyl group, A1 represents a trivalent aromatic group, A2 and A3 represent a C3-30 divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, A4 and A5 represent a C6-30 divalent aromatic group or the like, and Q1 represents a hydrogen atom.)

The invention discloses a sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet with high corrosion resistance and the grain boundary reconstruction and a preparation method thereof. The composition of the invention is that: NdeFe100-e-f-gBfMg, wherein, e is greater than or equal to 6 and equal to or less than 24, f is greater than or equal to 5. 6 and equal to or less than 7, g is greater than or equal to 0.03 and equal to or less than 8, M is one or some of elements Dy, Tb, Pr, Sm, Yb, La, Co, Ni, Cr, Nb, Ta, Zr, Si, Ti, Mo, W, V, Ca, Mg, Cu, Al, Zn, Ga, Bi, Sn and In; The method is that: main phrase alloy and reconstructed grain boundary phase alloy are respectively pulverized and mixed uniformly; the powder mixture is pressed to a mould in the magnetic field, and fabricated into a sintering magnet in a high vacuum sintering furnace. By the reconstruction of the grain boundary phase composition, the invention can obtain the grain boundary phase alloy with low melting point and high electrode potential, decrease the potential difference between the main phase and the grain boundary phase on the basis of ensuring the magnetic properties, promote the intrinsic corrosion resistance of magnet, and has the advantages of simple process, low cost and being suitable for the batch production. Therefore, by combining the grain boundary reconstruction and double alloy method, the sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet with high intrinsic corrosion resistance can be prepared.

Disclosed is a polypropylene composition useful for making solid state oriented film. The composition comprises two predominantly isotactic polypropylenes with the melting point temperature of one of the polypropylenes being substantially lower than the melting point temperature of the other. In one embodiment of the composition the higher melting point polypropylene is made by Ziegler-Natta catalysis, while the lower melting point polypropylene is made by metallocene catalysis. Compared to polypropylene with similar melt flow rate and made by Ziegler-Natta catalysis, and solid state oriented film thereof, the composition provides a better balance of elevated temperature draw characteristics and physical properties of oriented film made therefrom. Thus, at the same or lower elevated temperature yield stress, oriented film of the composition exhibits improved properties such as stiffness, elongation-at-break, dimensional stability, and oxygen barrier. Also disclosed is a method for the manufacture of oriented, flexible packaging film. In the method a cast sheet is melt extruded from the composition, and, after cooling until it is solid, the cast sheet is stretched to the desired extent of orientation at a temperature which the sheet does not break while being stretched, but below the Tm of the composition. The resulting film then is cooled to at least the crystallization temperature of the lower melting point polypropylene.

A belt fixing unit, an image forming apparatus, and a toner material are disclosed capable of obviating undesirable fixing belt deformation and low image quality. The belt fixing unit includes a fixing roller, a heating roller, a fixing belt, and a pressing roller in contact with the fixing roller to form a fixing nip having the fixing belt intervening there between, the fixing belt including at least a base member formed of a heat-resisting resin having a thickness of 90 μm or smaller and acted upon by a tensile force of 0.49 N / mm or less. The toner is a low-melting point toner formed by subjecting a toner preparatory solution containing at least a prepolymer having a functional group containing a nitrogen atom, a polyester, a colorant and a releasing agent dispersed in an organic solvent to extension and / or crosslinking reactions in an aqueous medium.

A candle composition has a paraffin wax mixture of a high melting point paraffin wax and a low melting point paraffin wax, and a hydrogenated vegetable oil that is present in a greater amount than the mixture of the varying grades of paraffin wax, and the vegetable oil contains no more than 0.15% free fatty acid, with the remainder being triglycerides. Candles of the composition have good burn characteristics, particularly good fragrance intensity and produce a unique crystallization effect after the first burn.

The present invention relates to the use of a powder which comprises specific polyesters for shaping processes, and to moldings produced powder. The shaping processes are layer-by-layer processes which use powder, which comprises selectively melting regions of a powder layer by applying electromagnetic energy. Selectivity can although there is no intention to restrict the invention thereto be achieved via a mask, or application of an inhibitor, of an absorber or of a susceptor, or via focusing of the energy input. After cooling, the regions then solidified can be removed as moldings from the powder bed. The process occurs by using a polyester powder obtained from an alcohol and from a diacid with no use of any aromatic monomer unit. These polyester powders combine high crystallinity and low melting point, and makes the construction process more reliable while good component quality, mechanical properties, density, dimensional accuracy, and low shrinkage are realized.

A bonded member including a ceramic base material 1 and a metallic member 7 which are bonded together, wherein a solder material 5 comprising Au is disposed on the surface of the ceramic base material 1 via an active metal layer, the active metal layer and the solder material 5 are molten by heating so as to form a precoat layer 6, the metallic member 7 is disposed on the surface of the precoat layer 6 via an insertion metal layer comprising pure metal which may form an alloy having a lower melting point than Au with Au or an alloy of the pure metal and Au, and the insertion metal layer and at least a portion in the vicinity of the interface between the insertion metal layer and the precoat layer 6 are molten by heating to bond the metallic member 7 and the precoat layer 6.

A composite material for producing a layer of a disposable hygienic article that comes into physical contact with the body including a first body-contacting layer and a second layer. The first body contacting layer is composed of monocomponent and bicomponent fibers having a denier of 3.5 dtex or less. The second layer is composed of between 40 and 100 percent bicomponent fibers having a denier of 4 to 10 dtex with a lower melting point component lower than the melting point of the monocomponent fibers of the first layer.

This invention provides ways to fabricate nanotubes and nanobead arrays by utilizing nanopores in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. Nanotubes of bismuth and other low melting point metals with controlled diameters and lengths can be fabricated by sintering AAO coated with appropriate metals at temperatures above their melting points. Carbon nanotubes may also be readily formed by carbonizing a polymer on the interior walls of the nanopores in AAO membranes. Palladium nanobead arrays which can be used as ultrafast hydrogen sensors are fabricated by coating the flat surface of AAO membranes with controlled pore-wall ratios.

A soft capsule in which a shell is filled with fill material, and the fill material is in a solid or semi-solid form at room temperature. The soft capsule may be a chewable capsule, and the fill material may comprise a low melting point additive. The content of the low melting point additive may be 10% or more with respect to the total weight of the fill material, and may have a melting point of about 20 to 50° C. The low melting point additive may be selected from the group consisting of chocolate base, lard, coconut oil and macrogol (polyethylene glycol) as well as a combination thereof.