The invention discloses a lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide and lithium manganese oxide composite material used for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method of the lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide and lithium manganese oxide composite material. According to the method, suspension liquid is prepared through mixing lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide with water, doped type lithium manganese oxide precursors are prepared by the utilization of a co-precipitation method, so that the prepared precursors are evenly precipitated on the surface of lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, and through calcination, crushing and screening, the composite material which is doped with lithium manganese oxide and coated with the lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide is obtained. According to the material, the lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (the structural formula is LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2) serves as a core, and the doped lithium manganese oxide < the structural formula is LiMn2-xMxO4 (0.1<=x<=0.5), and M is one or two of Mg, Co, Al, Cr, Zn and Ti> serves as a shell. The doped lithium manganese oxide serves as a coating layer, through a combination of a control crystallization method and a liquid-phase ball milling method, the doped type lithium manganese oxide precursors are prepared, the defects that a traditional lithium manganese oxide material is low in energy density, and cycling performance of the lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide is poor are overcome, the capacity of the material is high, and the cycling performance is excellent. The preparation method is simple, and industrial production is easy.