The invention discloses a preparation method of alkylated modified graphene. Graphite oxide is used as a raw material, in the process of preparation of graphene with a reduction method, graphene oxide obtained through cleavage is subjected to graft modification by the aid of a modifier containing an alkyl chain in a molecular chain and then is reduced, and alkylated modified graphene is obtained. According to the preparation method of alkylated modified graphene, graphite oxide is used as the raw material, the alkyl chain is grafted during peeling, and then an alkylated modified graphene product with the high grafting rate is obtained through reduction. For example, if octadecylamine is used as the modifier, the grafting rate is deduced according to the content of N, and the content of N can be up to 1.5wt%; if a silane coupling agent KH560 is used as the modifier, the grafting rate is deduced according to the content of Si, and the content of Si can be up to 2.9wt%; if a silane coupling agent KH560 is used as the modifier, the grafting rate is deduced according to the content of Si, and the content of Si can be up to 2.8wt%.