Compositions containing
strontium fortified
calcium nanoparticles and / or microparticles, and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. The
strontium fortified
calcium compounds contain
calcium ions, calcium atoms,
strontium ions, strontium atoms, and combinations thereof and one or more anions. Exemplary anions include, but are not limited to, citrate,
phosphate,
carbonate, and combinations thereof. The particles can be formulated for enteral or parenteral administration by incorporating the particles into a pharmaceutically carrier. The compositions can further contain one or more active agents useful for bone diseases or disorders, such as
vitamin D, growth factors, and combinations thereof. The compositions can be used to treat or prevent one or more bone diseases or disorders of the bone, such as
osteoporosis. Alternatively, the particles can be coated onto a substrate, such as the surface of an
implant. The coatings can be used to improved
biocompatibility of the
implant, prevent loosening of the
implant, reducing leaching of
metal ions from metallic implants, and reduce
corrosion. The coatings can be applied to the substrate using a variety of techniques well known in the art. In one embodiment, the
coating is applied using
electrophoretic deposition. The use of nano- and / or microparticles that provide
high surface area helps to improve interfacial strength between the
coating and the implant, which allows for the use of lower
sintering temperatures. Lowering
sintering temperatures minimizes or prevents
thermal decomposition of the
coating material and / or degradation of the
implant material.