Pharmaceutical compositions for metabolic insufficiencies

Abstract

Disclosed in certain embodiments is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a sugar; a Krebs cycle intermediate, precursor of a Krebs cycle intermediate, salt thereof, or combination thereof; and a component selected from the group consisting of an unsaturated lipid, phenylethylamine, a soluble calcium compound, or a combination thereof.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for individuals suffering from metabolic insufficiencies, e.g., cerebral and cardiac insufficiencies, and methods of treatment thereof. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] During normal operation of the catabolic process, energy is harvested and subsequently stored in a readily available form, namely, the phosphate bonds of adenosine triphosphate (“ATP”). When energy is required for anabolic processes, a phosphate bond of ATP is broken to yield energy for driving anabolic reactions and adenosine diphosphate (“ADP”) is regenerated. The process of catabolism involves the breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids. Proteins are broken into smaller peptides and constituent amino acids, polysaccharides and disaccharides are broken down into their monosaccharide constituents, and lipids are broken down into glycerol and the fatty acid constituents. These compounds are further broken down into...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0030] The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are particularly desirable for the prophylaxis or treatment of disorders associated with impaired mitochondrial function while simultaneously providing weight loss, increased energy and mood, and / or a desirable lipid profile. Disorders that can be treated include conditions or diseases characterized by a decreased level of oxidative metabolism, such as conditions or diseases of the nervous system, conditions or diseases of other parts of the body (e.g., cardiovascular disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, etc.), and conditions or diseases of the body as a whole. The pharmaceutical composition is particularly desirable for use in treating nervous system disorders that are indicated by symptoms of dementia. Upon administration of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the severity of dementia through enhancing cerebral cellular metabolism (i.e., improving mitochondrial function in cerebellar tissues). Thus, the pharmaceutical compositions are particularly useful as a prophylactic for delaying the onset of dementia or as a treatment for delaying the progression of dementia associated with various nervous system disorders. The pharmaceutical compositions are also useful for ameliorating the clinical manifestations of dementing illnesses by improving the function of the remaining, but often metabolically compromised, cells.

Problems solved by technology

For example, neuronal and cardiac muscle cells have high numbers of mitochondria because they have extremely high energy requirements.

Because of their high energy requirements, these types of cells are particularly vulnerable to disorders or conditions associated with a breakdown of the catabolic pathways or otherwise defective intracellular energy metabolism.

Inadequate dopamine release, therefore, leads to the onset of voluntary muscle control disturbances symptomatic of Parkinson's Disease.

The disease continues to progress and, frequently after a certain length of time, dopamine replacement treatment will lose its effectiveness.

Moreover, these treatments have little or no benefit with respect to the neuropsychiatric symptoms.

These toxic changes produced by glutamate, called glutamate excitotoxicity, are believed to be a major cause of cell damage and death after acute brain injury such as stroke or excessive convulsions.

Izumi also identified the administration of glucose prior to an ischemic event as undesirable, because its administration resulted in lactic acid accumulation, which is a factor contributing to brain damage.

Another metabolic problem is obesity.

The relationship among amount and type of food ingested, nutritional needs defined in terms of physiology, and satisfaction with eating (satiation) is very complex.

It can cause dangerous changes in the heart including cardiac death, and it can easily over-stimulate the brain.

One of the major problems in treating obesity is the tendency for people to regain the weight they have lost.

Animal studies indicate that this effect is due at least in part to inadequate stimulation of dopamine receptors in the brain after weight loss.

These observations are in accord with extensive data on humans who regain weight after weight loss, even though available techniques do not allow direct measurement of these parameters in the brains of living humans.

The alteration in brain chemistry drives the harmful excess intake of calories.

Though L-DOPA has been used (usually with carbidopa) to treat Parkinson's Disease, it has well known and severe side effects that limit its use even for that disease.

A deficiency in PEA renders the person weak, tired, sluggish and depressed.

Images