The invention relates to a bio-based carbon microsphere material, a preparation method and applications thereof, wherein the catalyst adopts biomass chitosan and gallic acid as raw materials. The preparation method comprises: 1) weighing chitosan and gallic acid according to a certain ratio, adding into a reaction kettle having a polytetrafluoroethylene liner, carrying out a reaction for 24-48 h at a temperature of 160-220 DEG C, cooling to a room temperature after completing the reaction, separating and drying the obtained black product to obtain a biomass non-metal catalyst material, washing, and drying to obtain the nitrogen-doped carbon material capable of catalyzing ORR, wherein the material has characteristics of high nitrogen content, rich active sites, suitable surface area and suitable pore volume, can be used as the catalyst in the oxygen reduction catalytic reaction of fuel cells, and can enhance the storage ability of lithium battery electrodes. According to the present invention, the preparation method is simple, the raw materials are the biomass with rich source, the cost is low, the method is environmentally friendly, and the obtained catalyst has excellent performance, and is the promising fuel cell catalyst and the lithium ion battery electrode material.