The object of the present invention is to provide a medicament useful for preventing and / or treating inflammatory bowel disease. The present invention provides a medicament for preventing and / or treating inflammatory bowel disease which comprises as an active ingredient a pyrazolone derivative represented by the following formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof or a solvate thereof: wherein R<1> represents a hydrogen atom, an aryl group, an alkyl group, or an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group; R<2> represents a hydrogen atom, an aryloxy group, an arylmercapto group, an alkyl group or a hydroxyalkyl group; or R<1> and R<2> are combined with each other to represent an alkylene group; and R<3> represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a benzyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenyl group, or a phenyl group substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyalkyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylmercapto group, an alkylamino group, a dialkylamino group, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a carboxyl group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an amino group and an acetamide group.