The invention discloses a preparation method of a multi-core type phosphate compound positive electrode material with a core-shell structure for a lithium ion battery, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries. The preparation method is characterized in that the compound positive electrode material xLiVPO4F yLi3V2(PO4)3 (1-x-y)LiVOPO4 of the lithium ion battery is prepared by adopting a chemical reduction-solid phase sintering technology. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1), blending raw materials; (2), adding a carbon source as a reducing agent, mechanically activating and then drying in a vacuum drying oven to obtain a compound precursor; (3), calcining the compound precursor obtained in the step (2) in a sintering furnace under a non-oxidation atmosphere at a temperature of 600-800 DEG C for 1-24 hours, naturally cooling to 300-700 DEG C, and sintering for 1-10 hours to obtain the multi-core type compound positive electrode material xLiVPO4F yLi3V2(PO4)3 (1-x-y)LiVOPO4 with the core-shell structure. According to the compound positive electrode material prepared by adopting the preparation method, components of cores, formed by a selfoxidation-reduction reaction, sequentially comprise LiVPO4F, Li3V2(PO4)3 and LiVOPO4 from inside to outside, and an outermost layer is of a carbon-coated microstructure. The multi-core type phosphate compound positive electrode material is special in structure components, excellent in electrochemical performance, multiple in charging and discharging platforms, easily controllable in charge state, and suitable for a power battery.