The invention provides a synthetic method of
polyaniline nanofiber with a
helical structure. The method comprises the following steps: firstly synthesizing N, N'-2(4-
phenylene diamine)-1 and 4-
phenylene diamine; secondly taking N, N'-2(4-
phenylene diamine)-1 and 4-phenylene diamine as a
polymerization reaction catalyst, chiral
camphor sulfonic acid as an
inducer and a
doping agent, and
ammonium persulfate as an
oxidizing agent; finally synthesizing the
polyaniline nanofiber with the
helical structure through adopting the chemical oxidative
polymerization. According to the synthetic method, the chiral
camphor sulfonic acid is adopted as the
doping agent to be interacted with the
polyaniline main chain and to induce the polyaniline main chain to form the
helical structure, and meanwhile, N, N'-2(4- phenylene diamine)-1 and 4-phenylene diamine with the oxidation potential lower than that of
monomer aniline is further added to serve as a 'seed' and catalyze the
polymerization reaction, so that the polymerization rate is greatly increased with the addition of phenylene diamine, and besides, heterogeneous
nucleation is under restriction in the polymerization process, giving rise to the predominance of homogeneous
nucleation, so that
secondary growth is inhibited, the formation of the polyaniline helical structure is facilitated, and the optical activity of polyaniline is greatly improved.