The invention discloses a train brake lining with an adjuster, comprising an installation plate, an adjuster, friction blocks and a spring retainer ring, wherein the adjuster comprise an installation lug boss and an adjuster positioning convex pin, a tail connection shaft for the friction blocks passes through a through hole on the adjuster and a friction block installation hole on the installation plate, and the end part of the tail connection shaft is elastically connected with the installation plate through the spring retainer ring; in the friction blocks, first friction blocks are hexagon bodies, second friction bodies are pentagon bodies, one face of five side faces of each second friction block, facing the outside of the installation plate, is a cambered face, the second friction blocks are arranged along the periphery of the front side of the installation plate and surround the first friction blocks in the middle, or the second friction blocks are distributed along the inner and outer arc edges of the front side of the installation plate in two rows and sandwich the first friction blocks. The train brake lining with the adjuster can improve an effective friction area during working and effectively decrease the occurrence of the phenomena of cracking, falling, defecting, performance declination and the like of the friction blocks, and has strong heat dissipation capability.