The invention discloses an induction heating auxiliary surface ultrasonic rolling device and method. The device comprises a lathe chuck, a running center and a lathe cutter holder, the surface ultrasonic rolling device further comprises an induction coil, a movable arm, an induction power source and an infrared temperature measuring gun, one end of the movable arm is used for mounting of the induction coil, the other end of the movable arm is fixed to the lathe cutter holder, the surface ultrasonic rolling device is fixed to the lathe cutter holder, the induction heating power source is turnedon, meanwhile, a lathe is started, a part rotates, a part in the induction coil work area is heated to the high temperature, in the whole process, the temperature is measured through the infrared temperature measuring gun, when a sample is heated to the needed temperature, the part is subjected to surface ultrasonic rolling machining, through induction heating, the part deforming resistance is reduced, the surface ultrasonic rolling machining effect is better, the device is simple in structure, convenient to use, economic and environment-friendly, and the device can be used for machining shaft parts with high machining hardness and poor surface quality.