The invention discloses an evaluation device and an evaluation method for simulating damage of cementing slurry to reservoirs. The device mainly comprises an upper kettle 15, a lower kettle 21, a middle component 19, a core clamp 20, a variable frequency motor 11, an upper kettle high-pressure pump 32, a confining pressure pump 29, a lower kettle high-pressure pump 28, a central processing system 33, a data display system 34, a formation water middle container 9, a working solution middle container group, a waste liquid collecting kettle 6, a liquid collecting tank 24, a kettle heating and cooling system 16, an upper kettle temperature sensor 30, a lower kettle temperature sensor 26, an upper kettle pressure sensor 31 and a lower kettle pressure sensor 27. The device simulates damage of various working solutions to the reservoirs under complicated working conditions such as different temperature, pressure and loss in the drilling and completion process, and a cement slurry system matched with underground environments and other working solutions is optimally selected. According to the device, cementing quality can be effectively improved, and high-efficient mining of oil and gas wells is achieved.