The invention discloses a method for preparing a perovskite quantum dot at a room temperature. The luminescent quantum dot is MPbX3; in the formula, M is methyl amine (MA) or Cs, and X is any one of Cl, Br and I. According to the method disclosed by the invention, MX and PbX2 are dissolved in an organic solvent, and a certain amount of surfactant is added to form a precursor solution; an appropriate amount of the precursor solution is added into a poor solvent to form the perovskite quantum dot. By changing the quantity of the surfactant, the luminescence wavelength of the quantum dot can be adjusted, so that luminescence of fully-visible wave bands is realized. The method disclosed by the invention can be carried out at the normal temperature, protective gas is not needed, equipment is simple, and scale production is realized. According to the perovskite quantum dot prepared by the method, the fluorescent full width at half maximum is 20 to 43nm; the fluorescent quantum efficiency isnearly 90 percent, and the perovskite quantum dot can be applied to the fields of solar batteries, laser, photo-detectors, light-emitting diodes and the like.