788results about How to "Reduce mass transfer resistance" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for preparing a cold-brewing tea by puffing at variable temperature and pressure differences, which comprises the following steps: (1) adding water to dry tea leaves or baked and rolled fresh leaves and allowing to stand at 4-10 DEG C; (2) freezing and then warming up for unfreezing; (3) repeating the step (2) twice to three times; (4) filling in a variable temperature and pressure difference airflow puffing tank, and heating with steam indirectly till the temperature reaches 90-130 DEG C, and then preserving the temperature for 3-10 min; reducing the pressure to 100 Pa from 0.12-0.25MPa within 60-180s; reducing the temperature to 70-85 DEG C; vacuuming and drying for 150-250 min to obtain the cold-brewing tea. In the process of tea leaves, the method can loosen the tissue structure of tea leaves, cause microcracks and break cells of the tea leaves and even organell of the tea leaves, thereby reducing the mass transfer resistance during extraction, realizing low-temperature, fast and high-efficiency extraction of the tea leaves, and providing technical support for the development of the cold-brewing tea.

The invention discloses a nitrosation-anaerobic ammonoxidation single-stage biological denitrification method, the technology utilizes nitrosation flora with intensified active carbon as core after adding powdery active carbon and anaerobic ammonoxidation flora to generate composite granule sludge, and couples two reactions of nitrosation reaction and anaerobic ammonoxidation reaction, realizes biological denitrification reaction for transforming ammonia nitrogen into nitrogen in macrography. The invention is operated in one reactor at normal temperature without need of heating preprocessing waste water, saves energy, needs small accommodation area and reduces free nitrous cumulant of free nitrite to resist ammonia nitrogen with higher concentration. The invention adds powdery active carbon to form intensified granule sludge and self-cultures suspended sludge, thereby simplifying startup and running of the technology.

The invention relates to a lignite drying device by the aid of low-pressure superheated steam and a method. An inner heating mode is particularly adopted for the drying device, heating is realized and the low-pressure superheated steam is generated in a lignite drying process, the low-pressure superheated steam is properly superheated and used as a circulating drying medium inside the drying device, the drying medium directly contacts with lignite which moves from top to bottom when the drying medium flows from bottom to top, and purposes of heating and drying the lignite are achieved by the aid of convection heat transfer and mass transfer diffusion between the drying medium and the lignite. The lignite drying device and the method are characterized in that automatic control of the lignite drying process is realized by means of regulating the temperature of the drying medium and transferred heat of the drying medium inside the drying device, and effects of improving drying capacity and heat efficiency of the lignite drying device by the aid of the low-pressure superheated steam are realized.

The invention discloses a preparation method for a novel heavy oil hydrogenization demetallization catalyst adopting macroporous structures. The preparation method is characterized by particularly comprising the following steps: 1) preparing alumina sol; 2) mixing pitch residue powder with the alumina sol to prepare a catalyst carrier adopting the macroporous structures; 3) impregnating the formed catalyst carrier by a two-step impregnation method adopting isopyknic division to finally obtain the catalyst. The catalyst prepared by the method adopts mesopore structures and the macroporous structures at different proportions; the proportion of the macroporous structures can be adjusted with the amount of pore forming materials of pitch residues. A diffusion experiment shows that the catalyst adopting the macroporous structures in a certain proportion meets mechanism of a heavy oil hydrogenization demetallization reaction, has a relatively high metal accommodation ability, effectively lowers the reaction resistance in the heavy oil hydrogenization demetallization reaction process, improves effective diffusion coefficient of heavy oil in the catalyst, and is suitable for processing heavy oil or residual oil with relatively high metal content.

The invention discloses an electrochemical biological combined denitrification reactor, which comprises a tank body, an electrode plate, a particle electrode, an aerating apparatus and a constant current transformer. Both ends of the tank body are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet. The electrode plate comprises an anode arranged on the center part of the tank body and a cathode which surrounds the anode to be arranged at the position close to the tank wall; the anode and the cathode are respectively connected with an anode and a cathode of the constant current transformer; the particle electrode is filled between the anode and the cathode; and the aerating apparatus comprises a fine bubble aerator arranged on the bottom of the tank body and an air pump connected with the fine bubble aerator. The device of the invention has compact and simple structure, small occupied area, high current utilization rate and rapid biofilm formation of microbe, can simultaneously remove various pollutants, such as organic matter, ammonia nitrogen and the like, has high denitrification efficiency and low energy consumption, is easy to regulate and control and is a multiple three-dimensional electrode biomembrane sewage treatment device integrating biology with an electric microfield into whole body.

The invention relates to a preparation method of high purified fructo-oligosaccharide, in particular to a method for preparing the high purified fructo-oligosaccharide by using immobilized enzyme. The preparation method of the invention prepares immobilized fructosyltransferase, immobilized glucose oxidase and immobilized mimic hydrogen peroxidase; then prepared enzymes are used to prepare the high purified fructo-oligosaccharide through an interrupted or continuous production method. In the preparation method, cheap metalporphyrin compounds are used as the mimic hydrogen peroxidase to replace expansive catalase; the fructosyltransferase, the glucose oxidase and the mimic hydrogen peroxidase are all immobilized and all can be recycled and reused; the stability and the operating factor of the enzymes are improved; the production cost for preparing the high purified fructo-oligosaccharide is greatly reduced. The preparation method can use one step method to directly produce the high purified fructo-oligosaccharide from cane sugar.

The invention discloses a ZIF-8 encapsulated amino ionic liquid type carbon dioxide adsorbing-catalyzing agent. The ZIF-8 encapsulated amino ionic liquid type carbon dioxide adsorbing-catalyzing agent is prepared according to the following steps: taking the metal organic framework material ZIF-8 as a carrier; taking the amino-group functionalized ionic liquid 1-(3-aminopropyl)-3-methylimidazole chloride as an active component; immobilizing the amino-group functionalized ionic liquid in the super-cages of the ZIF-8 carrier in an in-situ manner during preparation of ZIF-8, wherein 1.5 to 5 mmol of the amino-group functionalized ionic liquid is immobilized in each gram of the adsorbing-catalyzing agent. The adsorbing-catalyzing agent integrates the functions of selective adsorbing and catalyzing into a whole, and can be used for synchronously adsorbing and converting carbon dioxide, so as to reduce the cost of the CUU technology.

The invention provides a method for preparing a catalyst carrier with macropores and mesopores which are in run-through. The method comprises the following steps of: adding solid cellosilk in the process of preparing or forming the catalyst carrier, so that the solid cellosilk is dispersed in the catalyst carrier; and removing the solid cellosilk by forming and roasting to obtain the catalyst carrier with the run-through macropores and mesopores. The invention also provides a method for preparing a catalyst by further supporting active ingredients by the catalyst carrier and the carrier and the catalyst which are prepared by the method. By the method, the run-through performance of a mesoporous channel of the carrier is improved greatly by adding the solid cellosilk; and the run-through macropore formed by the cellosilk provides a quickly-dispersed channel for reaction molecules, so the mass transfer resistance in the catalytic reaction process is reduced. The method is suitable for preparing various catalysts of which the reaction speed is controlled by internal diffusion, such as a petroleum distillate (particularly heavy oil distillate) hydrogenation catalyst.

A technology for synchronously removing N and P from the city sewage features that the composite suspended living things system with active sludge and biomembrane is created in a batch of composite bioreactors, which in running by the sequence of anaerobic, aerobic and anoxic steps. Its advantages are short reaction flow, less consumption of carbon source, high effect and low cost.

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM)-Fe2O3/carbon aerogel (CA) electrode under a neutrality condition. On the surface of a CA electrode, 3DOM-Fe2O3 is deposited on the surface of the CA electrode according to the methods of vertical dipping, solvent evaporation and template calcination, so that the 3DOM-Fe2O3/CA electrode is obtained. The 3DOM-Fe2O3/CA electrode can be used for Electro-Fenton cathode rapid degrading of pollutants difficult to biodegrade in wastewater. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method and application of the 3DOM-Fe2O3/CA electrode have the advantages that CA high in specific area, electrical conductivity and adsorption capacity is selected as a substrate, meanwhile, the CA is loaded with the 3DOM-Fe2O3, solar absorbing photocatalytic performance is achieved, good Electro-Fenton catalytic activity is also achieved, Electro-Fenton and the photocatalysis technology are combined for use, and energy consumption is reduced while Electro-Fenton activity is improved. The method is easy and simple to implement and low in cost, is an efficient and energy-saving new technology, and has high economic and social benefits in the actual application aspect.

The invention relates to a preparation method for a high-gradient porous metal film. The preparation method is characterized by comprising the steps of firstly, carrying out hole blocking treatment on a porous metal matrix by using prepared inorganic powder; then, carrying out metal powder coating; carrying out high temperature sintering under a hydrogen or inert atmosphere to obtain an impurity-containing gradient porous metal film; finally, flushing (carrying out vacuum soaking on) residual impurities in a film matrix by using a chemical reagent or removing the residual impurities in the film matrix by using an ultrasonic technology to obtain the high-gradient porous metal film. According to the high-gradient porous metal film prepared by the preparation method, the powder coating quality is good, the operation is simple and convenient, the residual impurities in a matrix pore passage is easy to be completely removed, and the obtained metal film is good in integrality, high in gradient and low in mass transfer resistance.

Photocatalyst preparation method for glass fiber net carried TiO2 fixed membrane belongs to degradation pollution technique field. Use flexible glass fiber net after heat treatment as carrier; take butyl titanate, alcohol, water and nitric acid as volume share of 1:3~12:0.02~0.2:0.01~0.1 to prepare sol-gal liquid; use soakage-pulling method to make hard coat; after airing, finish hydrolysis and polycondensation; finally, bake to remove organic and make TiO2 fastness; repeat process and obtain TiO2 fixed membrane with determined thickness. It is easy to operate and produce in large scale; the product has high purity and can be used repeatedly; the TiO2 fixed membrane photocatalyst of this invention has high activity, good durability, and large specific surface; the membrane module is convenient to assemble, with cheap price and wide application both for drink water advanced treatment, pretreatment and terminal treatment for toxic harmful high content hard-degradation organic waste water, and treatment for polluted air.

The invention relates to a preparation method for an ordered ultra-thin electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The preparation method comprises the steps of preparing an ordered electrode structure and establishing an ultra-thin catalyst layer; a process of impregnating and annealing is carried out on a carbon paper to obtain TiO<2> seed crystals; then a TiO<2> nanorod is grown through a hydrothermal method; a TiN ordered array is prepared through NH<3> etching; and the array is loaded with a catalyst to establish the ordered ultra-thin catalyst layer without containing a proton conductor (such as Nafion). The established ordered ultra-thin catalyst layer can be used for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, other fuel cells and electrochemical devices.

The invention discloses a seawater desalination method implemented by solar membrane distillation, which belongs to a water desalination technology. A membrane distillation assembly, a pretreatment unit, a solar heat-collected circulating water inlet unit, an internal phase change heat recovery unit and an external condensing heat recovery unit are included, wherein a hollow fiber membrane and a hollow fiber condenser pipe are filled in the membrane distillation assembly in a staggered weaved mode, and the pretreatment unit, the solar heat-collected circulating water inlet unit, the internal phase change heat recovery unit and the external condensing heat recovery unit are assorted. A material liquid to be treated, alternately as a hot material liquid and a cold material liquid, is fed into a hot cavity of the hollow fiber membrane of the membrane distillation assembly and a cold cavity of the hollow fiber condenser pipe, so that the membrane distillation assembly can be flexibly amplified for multi-group and multi-level arrangement, therefore, the membrane distillation assembly both can be implemented in a small-scale arrangement mode, and also facilitates wide-range integrated seawater desalination applications; and the design of the novel membrane distillation assembly ensures the high-yield water efficiency, and the multi-level arrangement mode and external condensing heat recovery process of the membrane distillation assembly improve the utilization rate of heat energy. A cheap solar heat collecting device is taken as a driving heat source, and a liquor condensate cooling device is not required to be separately introduced, so that the investment, operation cost and energy consumption of the device are greatly reduced.

In a system including a centrifugal ozonated water generator, a centrifugal drive source for rotating the ozonated water generator, a liquid source for supplying water to the ozonated water generator, an ozone gas generator fluidly connected to the ozonated water generator, an ozonated water drain regulator, and a sensing assembly for monitoring ozone gas concentration, a method comprises supplying water to an ozonated water generator, supplying ozone gas to the ozonated water generator, activating a drive source to rotate a centrifugal ozone gas and liquid contact device in the ozonated water generator, causing water to contact ozone gas in the ozonated water generator for generating ozonated water, and withdrawing ozonated water from the ozonated water generator. The invention can provide a high contacting area and low mass transfer resistance between ozone gas and water, thereby facilitating the dissolution of ozone gas in water.

The invention belongs to the technical field of membrane separation, and particularly relates to a forward osmosis composite membrane based on a two-dimensional nano material and a macroporous substrate and a preparation method and application of the forward osmosis composite membrane. According to the composite membrane, a two-dimensional nano material is deposited on the surface of a macroporoussubstrate to serve as a middle layer, a polyamide separation layer is formed on the surface of the middle layer, and the composite membrane is obtained. The two-dimensional nano material middle layerin the composite membrane prevents polyamide from permeating into the macroporous substrate to damage the original macroporous and mutually communicated pore structure, reduces the mass transfer resistance, and effectively relieves the internal concentration polarization phenomenon in the forward osmosis process, thereby greatly enhancing the separation performance of the polyamide composite membrane and prolonging the service life of the composite membrane. The forward osmosis composite membrane can be widely applied to seawater desalination, juice concentration and other fields.