1112 results about "Water desalination" patented technology

A process and system for purifying water is disclosed. For example, in one embodiment, the process may be used to remove a divalent salt, such as calcium sulfate, from a water source in order to prevent the divalent salt from precipitating during the process. The water source, for instance, may be fed to an ion separating device, such as an electrodialysis device. In the electrodialysis device, an ion exchange takes place between the divalent salt and another salt, such as a monovalent salt to produce two concentrated salt streams that contain salts having greater solubility in water than the divalent salt. In one embodiment, the two salt streams that are produced may then be combined to precipitate the divalent salt in a controlled manner. During the process, various other components contained within the water feed stream may also be removed from the stream and converted into useful products. In one particular embodiment, the process is configured to receive a byproduct stream from a reverse osmosis process.

Methods and systems for low emission power generation in hydrocarbon recovery processes are provided. One system includes integrated pressure maintenance and miscible flood systems with low emission power generation. An alternative system provides for low emission power generation, carbon sequestration, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), or carbon dioxide sales using a hot gas expander and external combustor. Another alternative system provides for low emission power generation using a gas power turbine to compress air in the inlet compressor and generate power using hot carbon dioxide laden gas in the expander. Other efficiencies may be gained by incorporating heat cross-exchange, a desalination plant, co-generation, and other features.

The present invention discloses a desalination plant that operates with a sea water or brackish water feed and produces a concentrated and selectively improved salt reject stream and a pure water permeate stream from a first treatment section that is arranged to produce primarily water at high recovery using membrane desalination processes. The reject stream from the first treatment line has a component distribution that is substantially reduced in native di- and polyvalent scaling ions, essentially depleted of sulfate, has substantially higher total dissolved solids than a traditional sea water reverse osmosis reject, yet is suitable for thermal treatment processes. The system may be enhanced by monovalent salt components. The unit may be integrated with a second treatment section, in which the first reject stream is further concentrated, purified, and processed to produce a high purity salt product.

The invention relates to a universal system for producing cost effective energy particularly for cooling purposes. In one embodiment, wind turbines are used to generate electricity and compressed air energy, wherein the compressed air energy is used to co-generate electricity and chilled air. The chilled air is then used to chill water in either a mixing chamber, or a desalination system, wherein the chilled water is stored in a separation tank, wherein it can later be used to provide cooling for an air conditioning system for a facility. When desalination is used, the system produces chilled fresh drinking water which can be used for air conditioning, and then used as fresh drinking water. Any exhaust chilled air can be used directly for air conditioning.

A process and system for purifying water is disclosed. For example, in one embodiment, the process may be used to remove a divalent salt, such as calcium sulfate, from a water source in order to prevent the divalent salt from precipitating during the process. The water source, for instance, may be fed to an ion separating device, such as an electrodialysis device. In the electrodialysis device, an ion exchange takes place between the divalent salt and another salt, such as a monovalent salt to produce two concentrated salt streams that contain salts having greater solubility in water than the divalent salt. In one embodiment, the two salt streams that are produced may then be combined to precipitate the divalent salt in a controlled manner. During the process, various other components contained within the water feed stream may also be removed from the stream and converted into useful products. In one particular embodiment, the process is configured to receive a byproduct stream from a reverse osmosis process.

A desalination plant for treating a sea water or brackish water feed is provided. The desalination plant includes a first treatment section to effectively remove scaling species, the first treatment section including nanofiltration section, the nanofiltration section including at least two stages and at least two passes; and a reverse osmosis section that operates at high recovery to produce a purified permeate stream and a selectively NaCl salt-enriched reject stream as a saline output.

The invention discloses a solar water evaporation purification and decomposition device which comprises a water supply line, a float and heat insulation layer, an evaporation layer and a photothermalconversion and solute barrier layer which are connected in sequence from bottom to top. The water supply line enables water to pass through the float and heat insulation layer, and the water is pumpedinto the evaporation layer by virtue of a capillary action; solar energy absorbed by the photothermal conversion and solute barrier layer is converted into heat, and water is heated to be vaporized into water vapor from the evaporation layer; due to pore channel volatilization of the photothermal conversion and solute barrier layer, partial water vapor is decomposed to produce hydrogen and oxygen; since the photothermal conversion and solute barrier layer contains a hydrophobic part and is not infiltrated by water, the solar energy can directly heat a heat-absorbing material only, but not heat water, so that high photothermal conversion efficiency is realized; and meanwhile, the solute in the water is prevented from being separated out on the membrane, and sea water desalination, sewage purification and water decomposition can be realized. Due to the design of a hydrophilic / hydrophobic double-layer evaporation structure, the solar water evaporation purification and decomposition device with high photothermal conversion efficiency and high stability is obtained.

A low energy water treatment system and method is provided. The system has at least one electrodialysis device that produces partially treated water and a brine byproduct, a softener, and at least one electrodeionization device. The partially treated water stream can be softened by the softener to reduce the likelihood of scale formation and to reduce energy consumption in the electrodeionization device, which produces water having target properties. At least a portion of the energy used by the electrodeionization device can be generated by concentration differences between the brine and seawater streams introduced into compartments thereof. The brine stream can also be used to regenerate the softener.

A pyramid-like structure consisting of a base and 3 or more side frames, each side frame forming an angle to the base. The pyramid-like structure having an enclosed space within and including a way to collect solar energy and to collect and transfer thermal energy from the sun; air suction mechanisms to take surrounding air into the enclosed space; a plurality of wind turbines; a Main Thermal Reservoir to take in and hold heat transfer medium, which is heated therein and then pumped to the top day tanks. The heat transfer medium is heated by a Heat Absorption and Transfer Layer through a network of pipes on the side frame back to the Main Thermal Reservoir, wherein thermal energy is collected, absorbed and transferred to the enclosed space of the pyramid, heating the enclosed space and within the air suction means, causing a temperature differential between the surrounding air and heated air inside the enclosed space of the pyramid to create a continuous flow of the heated air to turn the wind turbines. If desired, the thermal energy can be used to by a desalination system to process seawater into potable water.

The invention discloses a compound desalination membrane as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The compound desalination membrane comprises a microporous filter membrane substrate layer and a functional layer, wherein the functional layer comprises reduced graphene oxide sheets and titanium oxide nanosheets, which are uniformly mixed and mutually stacked to form a laminar membrane. The preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a water solution containing the graphene oxide sheets with a water solution containing the titanium oxide nanosheets; taking a microporous filter membrane as a substrate, preparing the laminar graphene oxide and titanium oxide compound membrane on the microporous filter membrane substrate by adopting a vacuum suction filtration method, and drying; uniformly converting graphene oxide into reduced graphene oxide through ultraviolet radiation to finally obtain the compound desalination membrane. The method realizes composition and structural design of the compound desalination membrane formed on the microporous filter membrane substrate based on reduced graphene oxide and the titanium oxide nanosheets; the prepared compound desalination membrane is soft, uniform, controllable in area and thickness, high in mechanical strength and high in desalination performance, and is used in the field of water desalination.

The invention relates to a wind, light and sea current clean energy sea water desalination device comprising a power generation device, a storage battery and a sea water desalination device which are connected in sequence, wherein the power generation device comprises a wind generation set, a solar cell panel and a sea current power generation device; the sea water desalination device comprises an extraction pump, a prefilter, a security filter, a high pressure pump, a reverse osmosis membrane assembly, a water quality testing meter and a fresh water tank; the sea current power generation device comprises a swing energy extractor, a floater connecting rod, a transmission gear box, a DC power generator and an anchor chain; the swing energy extractor is connected with the transmission gear box through the floater connecting rod, and the transmission gear box is connected with the DC power generator and fixedly connected to the sea bottom through the anchor chain. Compared with the prior art, the invention provides electric energy for the sea water desalination device by utilizing complementary power generation of wind, light and sea current, ensures that the sea water desalination device is not restricted by commercial power supply in the using process, can be conveniently used in occasions of sea islands, offshore platforms, fishing rafts, and the like, and has wide development potential and used space.

A low water recovery rate desalination system and method. This system and method enables the purification of water in a more environmentally sustainable manner than conventional systems. The environmental benefit of this invention is derived from its ability to desalinate water and produce a brine byproduct that is less concentrated than that of conventional desalination systems. The system is composed of three elements. They are a water makeup element, a concentration element and a desalination system. The water makeup element and the concentration element can integrated with a conventional desalination technology to form a complete desalination system.

The invention relates to a seawater desalination method and device of natural vacuum and low temperature distillation, which is characterized in that the system must be airtight before operation, the water injection valve on the system top is switched on to fill up the system with seawater; the drain valves of all drainage pipes connected with the evaporation chamber are switched on, then the seawater is flowed out under the influence of the gravity; the air in the system is discharged to make the system vacuum; the heat source can be conveyed to the evaporation chamber now; when the temperature of heat source is higher than the condensation temperature, the evaporation pressure of the heated seawater is higher than the condensation temperature of fresh water, the evaporated vapor is condensed by the condenser under the action of pressure difference between the evaporation pressure and the condensing pressure and finally the desalinated water can be obtained. The invention has the advantages that a sleeve regenerator is arranged on the connection section of the water supply pipe of seawater and the evaporation chamber, the heat of the strong brine discharged by the evaporator is partially adopted to preheat the seawater in the evaporator, the liquid in the system can flow freely due to the pressure difference, thus the method can economize energy source and the device can be used to desalinate the seawater on any sea island, water-deficient area or brackish water area.

A method and apparatus for separating draw solution solutes and product solvent from a draw solution using a plurality of distillation columns. In one embodiment, the draw solution is used in a Forward Osmosis (FO) water desalination process. In this embodiment, the draw solution is directed to the plurality of distillation columns in parallel while the energy stream (heat) is directed to the plurality of distillation columns in series such that the efficiency of heat use is improved and in turn the cost of the heat is reduced.

This invention discloses a natural mineral filter agent for desalting seawater, which is composed of attapulgite, smectite, zeolite, diatomite, mainfanite and sepiolite. The natural mineral filter agent is prepared by: pulverizing the above components, soaking, pressing, air-drying, crushing, sieving, torrefying, cooling and packaging. The contents of NaCl, KCl, Ns2SO4 and Na2CO3 in seawater are effectively decreased by ion exchange between Na+ / K+ in seawater and the natural mineral filter agent. Heavy metals such as Hg, Pb and As, chlorides and residual pesticides can be adsorbed by the natural mineral filter agent. The natural mineral filter agent can be used for late-stage purification and filtration of seawater desalting, as well as brackish water desalting in China northwestern regions.

A desalination system in the form of a submerged gas evaporator that includes a vessel, a gas delivery tube partially disposed within the vessel to deliver a gas into the vessel and a fluid inlet that provides a fluid to the vessel at a rate sufficient to maintain a controlled constant level of fluid within the vessel. A weir is disposed within the vessel adjacent the gas delivery tube to form a first fluid circulation path between a first weir end and a wall of the vessel and a second fluid circulation path between a second weir end and an upper end of the vessel. During operation, gas introduced through the tube mixes with the fluid and the combined gas and fluid flow at a high rate with a high degree of turbulence along the first and second circulation paths defined around the weir, thereby promoting vigorous mixing and intimate contact between the gas and the fluid. This turbulent flow develops a significant amount of inter facial surface area between the gas and the fluid resulting in a reduction of the required residence time of the gas within the fluid to achieve thermal equilibrium which leads to a more efficient and complete evaporation. Additionally, vapor exiting the submerged gas evaporator is condensed in a condensing unit thus precipitating vapor into a liquid for removal.

A water treatment device includes an inner canister or cylinder that includes a seal and a filter assembly attached on one end. The water treatment device also includes an outer canister which is filled with unpurified water. The inner canister or cylinder is pressed into the outer canister to produce pressure on unpurified water that forces the unpurified water through the filter assembly. The inner canister or cylinder can be opened to reveal drinkable, or substantially purified water.

This invention relates to coupling apparatus and method for desalting seawater by using nuclear energy. The apparatus comprises: a small-scale nuclear thermal reactor, a reverse osmosis seawater desalting system, a distillation seawater desalting system, and auxiliary apparatus. The method comprises: (1) transferring the heat generated from the small-scale nuclear thermal reactor to the steam generator, and driving the reverse osmosis high-pressure pump with the generated saturated steam in the turbine for seawater desalting; (2) introducing the saturated steam exhausted from the end stage of the turbine to the distillation seawater desalting system for seawater desalting; (3) returning the condensed water to the steam generator; (4) introducing seawater into the distillation seawater desalting system, cooling at the heat discharge section, sending to the reverse osmosis high-pressure pump, pressurizing, sending to the reverse osmosis seawater desalting system, storing the product water in a desalted water tank, and utilizing the condensed seawater or discharging into sea. The method has such advantages as advanced technology, high heat utility, high water productivity and high water quality.

A method and apparatus for desalinating water combined with power generation, comprising a desalination system used for desalinating coastal seawater and comprising a power generation system, wherein such dual purpose co-generation facility captures the heat vapor exhausted or a steam turbine generator's condenser is replaced by the desalination plant's heat exchanger enabling such captured heat energy to reduce the energy requirements of the desalination plant, and wherein brine solution being treated by the desalination plant is pumped from the substrata sea water table wells having low salt content brackish water.

The invention relates to a spray evaporating air-moistening de-humidity type solar sea water desalinating device, which belongs to the technical field of solar sea water desalination. The device comprises a solar air collector, a solar vapor collector, a spray evaporator, an air filter, a condensing regenerator and a condensing heat exchanger, wherein the output end of the solar air collector and a sea water input source are respectively connected with a nozzle of the spray evaporator; the solar vapor collector is connected with a radiating pipe of the spray evaporator; the output end of the spray evaporator is connected with the air filter, the condensing regenerator and the condensing heat exchanger in series in sequence; the air output end of the condensing regenerator is connected with the solar air collector; and the output end of the condensing heat exchanger outputs fresh water. The device adopts the processes of air moisture absorption and de-humidity for desalinating sea water, and can be in well operation at a normal pressure, and a vacuum pump is omitted. In addition, the sea water is atomized and heated by an air-sea water mixed spray technique, and the evaporation efficiency is enhanced.

The present invention discloses sea water desalination apparatus and method with heat energy of steam to raise heat efficiency. The sea water desalination apparatus in distillation method has several evaporators connected serially with last evaporator connected to condensator, showering system over the evaporator condensating pipe bundle connected to sea water inlet, concentrated water flash tanks and fresh water flash tanks connected to corresponding evaporators separately, concentrated water balance tank connected to the last concentrated water flash tank and product water balance tank connected to the last fresh water flash tank. The present invention is suitable for utilizing steam from thermoelectric power plant or oil refinery to desalt sea water or bitter salty water.

The invention discloses a porous carbon microsphere with the surface covered with graphene, and a preparing method and application of the porous carbon microsphere. The polymer porous microsphere with the surface provided with the amination perssad serves as a template, the polymer microsphere is fully soaked in a sulfonation graphene water solution and dried, the sulfonation graphene and the polymer microsphere are combined, the polymer porous microsphere with the surface covered with sulfonation graphene is obtained and is carbonized at a high temperature in the protective atmosphere, and a target product, namely the porous carbon microsphere with the surface covered with graphene is obtained. The diameter of the target product is in the controllable range of 5 nm to 1,000 microns, a porous structure is achieved, the aperture is in the controllable range of 5 nm to 100 nm, a very large specific area is achieved, a very high electron transfer rate and good electrical conductivity are presented, the porous carbon microsphere can be widely applied to many fields such as catalyst loads, lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, adsorption, sea water desalination and sensing, the preparing technology is simple, controllability of the reaction process is high, and industrial large-scale production is facilitated.

The invention discloses a sea-water distillation apparatus by mechanical compression distillation method which comprises a steam mechanical compressor, a plurality of evaporators and condensation tubes, spraying systems, fresh water tanks and foam trapping nets arranged in the evaporator, wherein the exit of the steam mechanical compressor is connected with the condensation tube in the first evaporator in the multiple evaporators, the condensation tube in the first evaporator is connected with the fresh water tank, the vapor exit of the first evaporator is connected with the condensation tube in the next evaporator, and so on, until the last evaporator, thus multiple effect step by step evaporation is realized by the various evaporators. The invention also discloses a process for sea water desalination by using the sea-water distillator.

The invention discloses a method and a device for distillating a vacuum film by directly utilizing a vapor compression heat pump. The method adopts a vapor compression machine to directly compress the vapor of a transmission side of a film assembly, the compressed high-temperature high-pressure vapor passes through a heater and a preheater in sequence, and the raw materials also pass through the heater and the preheater. In the process, the heat exchange is carried out between the temperature of the vapor and the raw materials to realize the condensation, temperature reduction and heat release of the vapor, so that the additional refrigeration working medium and the evaporator and the condenser thereof are not needed, and a vacuum pump is saved by using the negative pressure formed by the vapor compression machine during absorption of the vapor as a vacuum source; and simultaneously the concentrate from the film assembly exchanges heat with the raw materials through the preheater. The invention saves energy, simplifies the heat pump system, reduces the equipment cost, and can be applied to the purifying and recycling of waste water, water desalination of sea water, bitter water and salt water, concentration of juice and traditional Chinese medicine extract and the like.

This invention provides a sea-water desalination combination production technology, which is of multi utilization, high efficiency, and zero release. It is primary to obtain salt, secondary to get water, implement multi utilization. Production method can be arranged to concentrate first for extracting salt and second desalinate for extracting water (it can first desalinate for extracting water and second concentrate for extracting). Implement salt water purification by salt water fore treatment, extract seaweed from it, concentrate and extract purified salt water, extract pure saturated brine of which salt concentration achieves 26%-28% (average salt concentration of salt water untreated water is 3.5%), process salinification product with saturated brine, implement integrated usage; desalinate remaining saline water, extract fresh water which achieves drinking standard and of which salinity is lower than 500mg / , increase salt concentration of another saline water to 3.5% (the same as salt water untreated water), circulate to use, not valley, implement zero release; This invention reclaims all of remaining energy and waste heat. It provides cheap and eternal fresh water resource for people and society.

The invention discloses a positive penetration sea water desalinization strong brine processing technology which comprises the following steps: adopting a positive penetration membrane component, using strong brine obtained by desalting sea water as drawing liquid, using freshwater as charging liquid, discharging the strong brine from the positive penetration membrane component after the strong brine obtained by desalting sea water mixes part of freshwater permeated from a charging side at a permeation side of the positive penetration membrane component and turns into diluted standard-reachingbrine; and discharging residue of the charging liquid from the positive penetration membrane component. The invention also discloses a positive penetration sea water desalinization strong brine processing system which comprises a charging fluid water pump, a positive penetration membrane module, a drawing liquid water pump connected with a transmission side of the positive penetration membrane module, wherein a charging fluid side of the positive penetration membrane module is connected with the charging fluid water pump and provided with a residual charging fluid discharging port, and the transmission side of the positive penetration membrane module is provided with a diluted standard-reaching brine discharging port. The invention can dilute strong brine obtained by desalting sea water to the level of the original sea water, thus avoiding the rising of local sea area salinity when sea water is discharged and protecting marine environment.

The invention discloses a seawater desalinating technique through film integrated method, which comprises the following steps: passing the seawater through self-rinsing filter; predisposing the rinsed seaward into hyperfilter device; boosting the seawater through the boost pump; removing possible micro-particle in the inlet water of counter-osmosis system of the seawater through seawater safety filter; elevating the inlet pressure of the counter-osmosis system of the seawater; desalinating through counter-osmosis system of the seawater; removing micro-particle in the inlet water of counter-osmosis system of the fresh water through fresh water safety filter; elevating the inlet pressure of the counter-osmosis system of the fresh water; desalinating through counter-osmosis system of the fresh water. The invention reduces the adding quantity of the chemicals and rinsing times of reverse osmosis membrane effectively, which improves automatic degree with stable property and small equipment occupying area.

The invention is directed to an improved desalination process to produce potable water. The process represents an improvement of hybrid of membrane and desalination technologies. The improvement of the invention comprises the operation of an ion selective membrane at a variable pressure as a function of the cost of electricity to form a softened salt water that is blended in variable proportions, to increase the top operating temperature of the desalination system and increase recovery of potable water, with untreated salt water.