The present invention provides an urban public bicycle system by combining solar energy photovoltaic power generation. The system comprises a public bicycle parking bay, an awning, solar photovoltaic panels, a bicycle fixing frame, a fixed storage battery and public bicycles. The awning is installed at the public bicycle parking bay, the solar photovoltaic panels are installed on the awning at the parking bay, the bicycle fixing frame is arranged in the awning, the public bicycles are fixed by the bicycle fixing frame, and a card swiping device and the fixed storage batter are also installed on the fixing frame. The storage battery stores electrical energy generated by the solar photovoltaic panels, and the public bicycles are charged through charging lines on the fixing frame. People can rent bicycles through swiping a card on the card swiping device or scanning a two-dimensional code. According to the present invention, public electric bicycles and solar photovoltaic power generation facilities are combined, so that people can travel more conveniently, the green travel awareness is cultivated, the economic cost is low, the urban construction land is not occupied, and the pollution to the environment is not caused.