The invention discloses a method for rapidly preparing high-purity sodium thiosulfate crystals. The method comprises the following steps: adding 6.3 g of sodium sulfite, 3.2 g of sulfur powder and 30mL of distilled water into a small beaker, covering the small beaker with a large beaker, carrying out a microwave heating reaction for 1 min, cooling the obtained reaction product to normal temperature, and carrying out suction filtration to recover the sulfur powder; adding 150 mL of acetone to the obtained filtrate, stirring the filtrate and the acetone for 5-6 min to make crystals appear, carrying out suction filtration, washing the obtained crystals with 10 mL of acetone to obtain sodium thiosulfate crystals, carrying out vacuum drying for 2 h, and weighing the dried sodium thiosulfate crystals; distilling the obtained filtrate to recover the acetone for reuse; and recovering the obtained remaining solution for next preparation. The method has the advantages of high substance utilization rate, less experiment devices, simplicity and convenience in operation, safety and simplicity in the experiment devices, short experiment time, high yield, high purity, good crystal precipitationspeed, omission of the evaporative concentration link in traditional experiments, reduction of requirements of the experiments for the devices, low experiment cost, less raw material waste, energy saving, environmental protection and no pollution.