The invention discloses a
porous carbon-loaded
composite material catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst consists of a carrier, an
active component and a carbon
quantum dot, wherein the
active component and the carbon
quantum dot are loaded on the carrier; the size of the carbon
quantum dot is not more than 10 nm; the carrier is porous
activated carbon; the
active component is one of or a combination of several of
platinum,
palladium,
iridium,
ruthenium and
rhodium; based on the
mass of the carrier, the loading quantity of various metals in the active component is shown as follows: the
platinum is 0-10.0 percent by weight, the
palladium is 0-10.0 percent by weight, the
iridium is 0-10.0 percent by weight, the
ruthenium is 0-10.0 percent by weight, and the
rhodium is 0-5.0 percent by weight; the loading quantity of the
platinum, the
rhodium and the
palladium is not 0; the total loading quantity of the active component is more than 0.5 percent by weight and is not more than 20 percent by weight; based on the
mass of the carrier, the loading quantity of the carbon
quantum dot is not more than 15.0 percent by weight. The invention further provides application of the
porous carbon-loaded
composite material catalyst to the reaction of synthesis of chloroaniline by selective
catalytic hydrogenation of chloro-
nitrobenzene. The catalyst has the characteristics of being high in conversion rate, high in catalytic activity and high in stability.