The invention discloses a synthesis method of 1,2,4-trifluoro
benzene, and belongs to the technical field of
chemical synthesis. The synthesis method is characterized by comprising the following reaction steps that (1) tetrachloro
phthalic anhydride reacts with a
methylamine aqueous solution, and 6-carboxyl-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene formyl
methylamine is obtained; (2) 6-carboxyl-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene formyl
methylamine reacts with
zinc powder, and a mixture of 6-carboxyl-2,3,5-trichloro
benzene formyl methylamine and 6-carboxyl-2,4,5-trichloro
benzene formyl methylamine is obtained; (3) the mixture of 6-carboxyl-2,3,5-trichloro benzene formyl methylamine and 6-carboxyl-2,4,5-trichloro benzene formyl methylamine is subjected to
backflow water diversion cyclization in
sulfolane and
toluene, and a mixture of 3,4,6-trichloro phthalic methylamine and
sulfolane is obtained; (4) the mixture of 3,4,6-trichloro phthalic methylamine and
sulfolane reacts with
potassium fluoride, and 3,4,6-trifluoro phthalic methylamine is obtained; (5) 3,4,6-trifluoro
phthalic acid is obtained by hydrolyzing 3,4-6-trifluoro phthalic methylamine; and (6) 1,2,4-trifluoro benzene is obtained by decarboxylizing 3,4,6-trifluoro
phthalic acid. The synthesis method has the advantages that a
raw material is easy to obtain; the method is easy and simple to operate; the purity of a product is good; and the method has a higher industrial application value.