The invention relates to preparation and applications of a biologically camouflaged targeting nano drug delivering system for treating ischemic cerebral stroke. The nano drug delivering system is compose of a drug, an inner core drug carrier, a biologically camouflaging shell, and a target finding material, wherein the drug is bilobalide B, the inner core drug carrier is recombinant high density lipoprotein, a drug is physically embedded into the drug carrier to form a drug loaded inner core; the biologically camouflaging shell is a blood platelet membrane, the drug loaded inner core is embedded in the blood platelet membrane in a co-extrusion mode to form a biomimetic drug loaded nano particle; the target finding material is a cerebral ischemia targeting peptide (CITP), and the CITP is used to modify the surface of the biomimetic drug loaded nano particle to form the biologically camouflaged targeting nano drug delivering system. Recombinant high density lipoprotein is used to wrap bilobalide B to form the drug loaded inner core, a blood platelet membrane and a blood platelet with a CITP modified surface are taken as the biomimetic shells to construct a nano particle for treatingischemic cerebral stroke, the circulation time of the nano particle in human body is prolonged, and the nano particle has a good targeting performance.