The invention provides a compound fire extinction material used for a coal mine. The fire extinction material is prepared from the following ingredients in parts by weight: 12-15% of sandy soil, 5-7%of vermiculite, 3.2-3.5% of pyrophyllite, 2.7-3.5% of bentonite, 1.7-2.0% of nano-silica, 1.2-1.5% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.5-0.6% of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 1.1-1.3% of silicate mixture, 0.6-0.7% of melamine cyanurate, 0.3-0.6% of phosphoric acid, 0.1-0.3% of sodium alginate, 0.1-0.3% of Tween-80, 0.1-0.3% of polyvinyl butyral, 0.1-0.2% of chitosan and the balance of water, wherein thetotal amount of above raw materials is 100%. According to the compound fire extinction material prepared with the preparation method, a multilayer structure can be formed on the surface of coal, in addition, the coal can be cooled in a targeted way so as to perform the efficacies on thermal insulation, oxygen insulation, smoke inhibition and the like, effects on efficiently resisting flame and quickly carrying out fire extinction are achieved, and the flame resistance of the material is greatly improved.