The invention discloses a long-acting antibacterial agent, a long-acting antibacterial agent with an instant effect and a preparation method of the long-acting antibacterial agent, and relates to thetechnical field of coating antibacterial agents. The long-acting antibacterial agent mainly comprises nano silver, carrier particles and hydrophilic polymers / a mixture of hydrophilic polymers and hydrophilic inorganic matters, and the long-acting antibacterial agent with the instant effect comprises nano silver, silver salts, other metal salts, carrier particles, hydrophilic polymers / a mixture ofhydrophilic polymers and hydrophilic inorganic matters and a cross-linking agent. By the invention, the problems that a coating film prepared by an existing antibacterial agent is not washable and poor in long-acting property, yellowing of antibacterial active component Ag ions is easily caused, an organic antibacterial agent is harmful to human bodies, pollutes the environment and the like are solved. In addition, hydrophilic polymers or a mixture of the hydrophilic polymers and hydrophilic oligomers or inorganic matters wrap the surface of the antibacterial agent, the releasing speed of silver ions is controlled, and silver simple substances can be promoted to ionize silver ions to resist bacteria.