The invention provides a detection method of residual quantities of various veterinary drugs in a culturing or a slaughtering environment. With the method, rapid screening and quantitative detection can be carried out upon 61 drugs of 9 categories. The drugs include chlormycetin, beta lactams (penicillins), quinolones, sulfonamides, trimethoprims, macrolides, tetracyclines, and nitroimidazoles. According to the invention, a soil sample or an environmental water sample is added into a phosphate buffering solution; a filtrate obtained through centrifugation is extracted in a solid phase extraction column, and is eluted; the extraction column is dried by blowing, and is washed by using a methanol solution; an obtained eluent is titrated by using a methanol solution; a chromatogram peak of the sample is detected by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; the chromatogram peak is compared with a standard chromatogram peak, such that a specific variety of the detected drug is accurately determined. According to the invention, the sample solution is subject to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry multi-reaction monitoring selected ion analysis. Through internal standard correction, the recovering rate is 70-120%, and a relative standard deviation RSD is no larger than 18%. Compared with existing technologies, the analysis efficiency is improved by at least 5 times, and the detection cost is 30% of that of existing technologies.