The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment and relates to a method for enhancing aerobiotic ammonia oxidizing bacterium (AOB) gathering through N-acylated homoserine lactone (AHLs) compounds. The method includes the specific steps that AHLs signal molecules with the specific variety and the specific concentration are added to a reactor containing AOB activated sludge, under the condition that a sufficient nitrogen source and oxygen are provided, a quorum-sensing system is enhanced, aerobiotic ammonia oxidizing bacterium gathering growth is promoted, and biological membranes or granular sludge is obtained. According to the method, the AOB physiology is adjusted and controlled on the aspect of the signal molecules, AOB gathering growth is enhanced, rapid and efficient enrichment of AOB is achieved, and the AOB is fixed in a qualified sense, so that losses are reduced, and time needed for AOB enrichment is shortened. A new thought is provided for rapid AOB enrichment through the method, the method is expected to be used for the biological nitrogen removal process, and important significance is provided for efficient and stable operation of the ammonia-nitrogen wastewater biological treatment process.