964 results about "Ultrasonic atomizer" patented technology

The present invention discloses an ultrasonic atomizer and electronic cigarette. The ultrasonic atomizer comprises an atomization piece and a liquid guide structure, which guides liquid onto an upper surface of the atomization piece; the liquid guide structure communicates with a liquid storage cavity; the upper surface of the atomization piece communicates with an airflow passage; and the atomization piece comprises a piezoelectric ceramic layer and an electric conductor, which drives vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic layer. No micropore needs to be provided in the atomization piece of the present invention to eject the atomized gas, thereby being free of the situation that the micropore is blocked by larger atomized gas particles, resulting in that the atomized gas cannot be ejected, and meanwhile the situation of liquid leakage of the atomizer can be better prevented.

Embodiments of the present invention disclose an ultrasonic atomizer and electronic cigarette. The ultrasonic atomizer comprises a liquid storage cavity and a piezoelectric ceramic piece both are provided in an outer sleeve; the plane where the piezoelectric ceramic piece is located is parallel to the axial line of the outer sleeve; at least one surface of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is in contact with a liquid storage body; the liquid storage body communicates with the liquid storage cavity; and an atomization surface of the piezoelectric ceramic piece communicates with an air passage.

Piezo aerosol and ultrasonic atomizer apparatuses are disclosed. In some embodiments, a piezo aerosol apparatus may comprise a piezo component defining an opening bonded to a metal plate defining a mist reservoir. The mist reservoir may define a plurality of apertures (or holes) orientated substantially perpendicular, and the opening of the piezo component may be located above the mist reservoir. The piezo aerosol apparatus generally defines a non-symmetric compound, while the ultrasonic atomizer comprises a piezo component and metal plate of substantially the same diameter in length. Other embodiments are also claimed and disclosed.

An active material and light emitting device comprises an ultrasonic atomizer assembly and a light emission device. The active material and light emitting device further includes a housing containing the atomizer assembly and the light emission device such that the atomizer assembly is disposed above the light emission device. The light emission device emits light that is transmitted through a medial portion of the housing.

An apparatus and method for encapsulating a liquid or suspension within a polymeric shell to form a microcapsule of a selected size ranging from approximately 0.1 μm to 1000 μm in diameter. The apparatus preferably has a laminar flow of air through a channel and ultrasonic atomizer with the head oriented at approximately ninety degrees from the laminar flow. Emulsions, liquids or thin films of core and shell materials are atomized and the formed microcapsules are exposed to ultraviolet light or additionally infrared light to cure the polymer shell and then are collected. A variety of capsule morphologies can be created by the choice of materials and process conditions to achieve desired controlled or programmed release kinetics. Surface functionalization of the outer shell of the microcapsules capsules can also be achieved to facilitate targeted delivery.

The invention discloses integrated and comprehensive soil in-place position-changing combined remedying equipment, and belongs to the technical field of soil remedying. The equipment mainly comprises feeding and discharging machines, heating baking channels, conveying belts, a vacuum pump, a smashing device, a mixer, a solid chemical adding tank, a Venturi conveying pump, an ultrasonic atomizer, a peristaltic pump, a liquid chemical storage tank, a drip washing device, an activated carbon adsorption purification tank, a mud discharging electromagnetic valve and an absorbent storage tank. The modularized design is adopted for the whole set of remedying equipment, flexible matching and combining can be performed according to different types of polluted soil to be remedied, and therefore the cost is lowered. The whole set of equipment can be installed on a trailer to achieve moving operation. The equipment has the multiple remedying functions of thermal desorption treatment, chemical oxidation / restoration, chemical drip washing and others, can achieve in-place position-changing combined remedying on soil containing organic pollutants and heavy metal combined pollution, and is high in remedying efficiency, wide in range, free of harmful gas emissions, safe and environmentally friendly.

Piezo aerosol and ultrasonic atomizer apparatuses are disclosed. In some embodiments, a piezo aerosol apparatus may comprise a piezo component defining an opening bonded to a metal plate defining a mist reservoir. The mist reservoir may define a plurality of apertures (or holes) orientated substantially perpendicular, and the opening of the piezo component may be located above the mist reservoir. The piezo aerosol apparatus generally defines a non-symmetric compound, while the ultrasonic atomizer comprises a piezo component and metal plate of substantially the same diameter in length. Other embodiments are also claimed and disclosed.

The invention discloses an experimental device adopting fine water mist to suppress gas and dust explosion. The experimental device is characterized in that a pressure-resisting airtight burner of the device is provided with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and an ignition device inside; the wall of the burner is provided with a transparent observation window and a pressure release hole pasted with an explosion-proof piece; the top of the burner is connected with a vacuum pump through a gas suction pipe with a valve; a flange base on the bottom of the burner is provided with a gas inlet pipe protruding inwards; a hollow hemispherical cover body with the spherical top protruding inwards is fixed above a nozzle of the gas inlet pipe; the flange base encircling the bottom of the outer wall of the gas inlet pipe is provided with an annular groove inside; the gas inlet pipe is respectively connected with a gas storage tank through a valve via an adjusting valve and an ultrasonic atomizer through a fine water mist inlet pipe, and is also communicated with the atmospheric environment; and dust inside the bottom flange groove is raised and suspended in the burner by means of inlet pressure. The experimental device can carry out explosion suppression experiment of gas, dust or gas-dust composite explosion and research on flame spreading rule and microstructure.

The invention relates to a method for dyeing textile materials and products thereof, and belongs to the field of textile printing and dyeing processing. In the method, prepared dye solution is subjected to ultrasonic atomization to form dye solution microbeads, and the dye solution microbeads directionally infiltrate the textile under the action of certain pressure and an electric field so as to complete the dyeing process. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, dye solution atomized microbeads prepared from the dye solution through a high-frequency ultrasonic atomizer have smaller grain size, a small dispersion range on the textile and more fine and smooth dyeing effect; the dye solution atomized microbeads enter fibers more easily under the action of the air pressure and the electric field, and have better dyeing effect; and the atomized microbeads carry less solution, the utilization rate of the dye is high, water can be saved and the environmental pollution is lightened. The dyeing method has a wide application range, low energy consumption and light pollution, and is suitable for small-batch and multi-variety printing technology development direction.

A hydrogen peroxide sterilization device comprises a hydrogen peroxide liquid storage barrel, an ultrasonic atomizer, an electrical control unit, a vaporizing chamber, a metering pump, an solenoid-controlled valve, an air blower, a heater, a filter device, an air inlet and a steam outlet pipe; the ultrasonic atomizer is further provided with an ultrasonic nozzle provided with an air flue to evenly diffuse atomized hydrogen peroxide microdroplets in the vaporizing chamber, the vaporization efficiency is improved, the atomized hydrogen peroxide microdirplets can be vaporized rapidly at a lower temperature, and the energy is saved. Indoor air serves as carrier gas, outside air is not introduced, and secondary pollution is avoided. Hydrogen peroxide big droplets which are not vaporized in the vaporizing chamber can drop back on the heater under the action of gravity to be vaporized again. By controlling various related parameters, a dew point temperature of output vaporized hydrogen peroxide is made to be lower than the indoor temperature all the time, a steady flow is guaranteed for the vaporized hydrogen peroxide, and the water mist condensation phenomenon which occurs in the transport process are avoided.

The invention discloses an electronic cigarette supplied power by a capacitor. The cigarette comprises a cigarette rod, an indicator on the tail end of the cigarette rod, an air inlet on the tail end of the cigarette rod, a capacitor module, a charging interface, a circuit switch, a control circuit module, a liquid nicotine storage cabin, a liquid nicotine adding opening, a liquid absorbing core, an ultrasonic atomizer, a cigarette holder, and the like. The cigarette holder which is detachable and convenient to exchange is arranged on the front end of the cigarette rod. The liquid absorbing core is positioned between the liquid nicotine storage cabin and the ultrasonic atomizer so as to supply the liquid nicotine to the ultrasonic atomizer under the wicking action. The ultrasonic atomizer and the indicator are powered by the capacitor module. The circuit switch is controlled to switch on and switch off by inspiration so as to control the switch-on and switch-off of the capacitor module, the ultrasonic atomizer and the indicator. The cigarette of the invention has the advantages of rapid charging, simple structure, portability, convenient use, and the like. The cigarette can help the smoking abandoner to efficiently control the sucking quantity of the nicotine.

The invention belongs to cultivation apparatus of the field of agricultural engineering, which comprises an ultrasonic atomizer which is an atomizing spray cap, a power pump, a nutrient solution tank, a solution feeding conduit, a reflux conduit, a glass groove, a planting plate and the like, wherein the atomizing spray cap comprises two couples of piezo-electricity discs which are clamped inside a metallic titanium shell, the four pressed piezo-electricity discs act as one pole of high-frequency electric source input, the metallic shell acts as the other pole, an atomizing face is arranged at the opening of a muzzle, a metallic ball which is used to adjust suspending clearance is arranged on the atomizing face, the structure of the atomizing face is a double curved surface, a flow passage extends to the atomizing face, and the diameter of the metallic ball is 4-79mm. The length of the muzzle of the atomizing spray cap is equal to the wave length of a compression wave, and the vibration amplitude of the outlet of the muzzle is equal to plural micrometers. The invention adjusts the size of nutrient solution droplets by changing the clearance between the ball and the radiating surface of a focusing ultrasonic transducer. The invention is simple in structure, high in reliability, low in production costs and able to realize high power to further realize large atomizing quantity.

The invention belongs to cultivation equipment in the agricultural engineering field, which comprises an ultrasonic atomizer, an atomization chamber, a water storage tank, an axial-flow fan, a solenoid valve, a water level detection sensor, a control box, a fog conveying and nutrient solution return pipe, a cultivation box, a cultivation plate and a bracket. The cultivation device can perform aeroponic cultivation and water cultivation simultaneously, and is characterized in that fog drops enter the cultivation box under the wind action, the unabsorbed nutrient solution is deposited in the cultivation box and kept at a stable height, and the cultivation device can also ensure the height of the nutrient solution in the atomization chamber to be kept at a proper position, so that the ultrasonic atomizer can work at the maximal efficiency. The cultivation device has the advantages of sufficient oxygen gas for the crop root system in aeroponic cultivation and rapid production, can ensure the normal growth of crops in case of power-off or device failure, and can provide crops with sufficient water and nutrient through water cultivation when fog drops are hard to reach the interior of a dense root system or fog drops can not provide sufficient nutrients required for the plant growth.

The invention discloses an intelligent cultivation method for bean sprouts. An incubator, a water tank, a base and a control system are provided, and the method comprises the following steps of control on heating, humidification and illumination. For the heating and humidification control, PID closed-loop control is adopted; a temperature and humidity sensor is installed in the incubator; a single chip processes a detected temperature and humidity signal and outputs a corresponding control signal; and a temperature and humidity control module realizes accurate control on the temperature and humidity in the incubator. The heating method is characterized in that air is directly heated by a heating rod, water is atomized by an ultrasonic atomizer, and then the hot air and the water mist are mixed by a fan at the bottom of a heating room and delivered mixture to the incubator. The illumination control is realized by using an LED lamp. The invention solves the problems of non-uniform spraying, excessive waste water, slow heating, high energy consumption, inaccurate temperature and humidity control and the like in the existing bean sprout cultivation device, and is applied to the devices such as a bean sprout incubator, a seed incubator, a household bean sprout growing machine, etc.

The present invention discloses an ultrasonic atomizer and electronic cigarette. The ultrasonic atomizer includes an atomization piece and a liquid guide structure, which guides liquid onto an upper surface of the atomization piece; the liquid guide structure communicates with a liquid storage cavity; the upper surface of the atomization piece communicates with an airflow passage; and the atomization piece comprises a piezoelectric ceramic layer and an electric conductor, which drives vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic layer. No micropore needs to be provided in the atomization piece of the present invention to eject the atomized gas, thereby being free of the situation that the micropore is blocked by larger atomized gas particles, resulting in that the atomized gas cannot be ejected, and meanwhile the situation of liquid leakage of the atomizer can be better prevented.

The invention discloses a cultivating device for sprouting vegetables. The cultivating device comprises a box, an illumination adjusting system, a temperature adjusting system, a humidity adjusting system and a ventilating system. The box is a lightproof cabinet box. A box door matched with the box can adjust the light transmittance. A partition plate in the illumination adjusting system divides an inner cavity of the box into multiple layers of sprouting vegetable growth spaces. A cold air outlet in the temperature adjusting system is arranged in the box. Multiple heating systems are arranged in multiple regions and correspond to the different growth spaces, and electric heating pieces in the heating systems are arranged on the surface of the box and in the box respectively. A water tank of a water spraying system in the humidity adjusting system is arranged in the box, and spray nozzles are arranged at the top of each layer of growth space. An ultrasonic atomizer in the humidity adjusting system is arranged in the water tank. The cultivating device can meet the requirements of the environment needed for sprouting vegetable growth and is easy and convenient to operate; different sprouting vegetables can be planted at the same time, the growth vigor of sprouts is excellent, and sprouting vegetable products are safe and healthy.

The invention discloses a circulating airflow drying device for a pilot plant test. The drying device is characterized by comprising a material drying system which comprises an air blower, a circulating airflow drying pipeline, a spiral feeder, a primary cyclone separator, a secondary cyclone separator, a draught fan, a product screw conveyor and the like, wherein an x-shaped drying material distributor controlled by an opening or closing valve plate is arranged at an intersection of the circulating airflow drying pipeline and the cyclone separators; blanking openings of the primary and secondary cyclone separators are provided with an air lock valve respectively, and the air lock valves are connected with the product screw conveyor; and twelve ultrasonic atomizers for regulating the humidity of the airflow drying pipeline are arranged in an induced air box. The whole device has a complete system, and functions of controlling the flow of airflow, controlling the heating of the airflow, accurately controlling the feeding of wet materials, premixing and feeding dry and wet materials, recovering dry powder, measuring the humidity of a product, controlling a mixing ratio of dry and wet powder, automatically regulating and controlling moisture and the like can be realized.

The invention relates to aerial fog cultivation, in particular to an intelligent intermediate-frequency ultrasonic atomizing cultivation machine which comprises intermediate-frequency ultrasonic atomizers, temperature and humidity sensors, a control cabinet with an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) and relays, an atomization chamber, an axial-flow-type fan, a fog delivery pipeline, a nutrient solution backflow pipeline and a cultivation box. The intelligent intermediate-frequency ultrasonic atomizing cultivation machine is characterized in that temperature and humidity of a root domain environment are collected by the temperature and humidity sensors, and atomizing quantity and atomizing time of a nozzle and rotating speed and ventilation time of the fan are controlled by the MCU, so that the temperature and the humidity of the root domain environment are controlled to enable plants to be constantly in an optimal environment, and intelligent control is realized; the intelligent intermediate-frequency ultrasonic atomizing cultivation machine adopts the intermediate-frequency ultrasonic atomizers which are simple in circuit structure, low in driving voltage, large in atomizing quantity and high in working efficiency; the fog delivery pipeline and the nutrition solution backflow pipeline guarantee a nutrition solution to be recycled, so that fog utilization rate is enabled to be high, and energy resources are saved.

The invention relates to an ultrasonic atomizer, in particular to a low-frequency ultrasonic atomizing spray nozzle with a large atomization amount for atomizing cultivation in the field of agricultural engineering. Atomizing end surfaces are symmetrically fixed on the two sides of the front end of an amplitude transformer of the low-frequency ultrasonic atomizing spray nozzle with the large atomization amount, wherein the atomizing end surfaces are spherical nick-shaped end surfaces; the thicknesses d of the spherical nick-shaped end surfaces are (1 / 12-1 / 10)R, wherein R is the radius of a front end cover; and the central angles beta of the spherical nick-shaped end surfaces are larger than 90 degrees, but smaller than 120 degrees. The two symmetrically distributed spherical nick-shaped atomizing end surfaces are used and the area S of each atomizing end surface is about 90 / PibetaRd, so that the atomization amount and the efficiency of the atomizer are greatly improved.

The invention discloses an electronic cigarette with an ultrasonic atomization function and tobacco liquid. An ultrasonic liquid atomization mode is set, and compared with general liquid heating atomization, the atomization rate of ultrasonic atomization is improved. Especially, the tobacco liquid is automatically sucked out of a tobacco liquid storage bin through a liquid level adjuster to be atomized by an ultrasonic atomizer, and compared with a current fiber absorption mode and the like, liquid waste is avoided, and meanwhile it can be guaranteed that airflow is sufficient after atomization. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the tobacco liquid directly enters the ultrasonic atomizer, the atomization rate can be further improved, atomization components can be even relatively, and the taste of a smoker can be proper. In addition, high-concentration propylene glycol and glycerin components are removed from the components of the tobacco liquid, and the taste of the smoker can be more comfortable.

The apparatus has an atomizer for the dispersal of a liquid and has an enclosed removable cartridge assembly with a reservoir of liquid and a wick with one end in communication with the liquid and a vibrating transducer in contact with another end of the wick; the transducer, wick and cartridge of liquid are arranged to allow a capillary volume of liquid from the wick to vibrate together to disperse the liquid in a direction away from the wick.

The invention discloses an ultrasonic atomization assisted electrospinning technique and belongs to the field of preparation and applications of nano materials. According to the technique, prepared graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nano tubes and other nanoparticles are dispersed in a storage tank of an ultrasonic atomizer, atomization spraying of the nanoparticles is realized, and the problem of nanoparticle blocking caused with a conventional mixing method is solved. Ultrasonic atomization and electrospinning techniques are combined for use, a prepared nanoparticle polymer composite film has uniformly mixed nanoparticles, and agglomeration is not easily caused. The polymer fiber film prepared with the technique has high separation efficiency, good strength and excellent water resistance, and the physical and chemical properties of the composite film material are improved. Compared with a conventional electrospinning technique, graphene and the carbon nano tubes can be mixed in any ratio, the conventional blocking problem of an electrospinning sprayer is solved, and the technique has important application prospect in environment treatment and electrode material preparation.

The invention discloses an air-conditioner condensate water recovery device. The air-conditioner condensate water recovery device comprises an air-conditioner outdoor unit and an air-conditioner indoor unit, a condenser and a refrigeration device are arranged on the air-conditioner outdoor unit, the refrigeration device comprises a first water storage tank, a main drainage pipe and branch refrigeration water pipes, and refrigeration sheets are arranged on the branch refrigeration water pipes; a fan is arranged on the rear portion of the refrigeration device; an overflow pipe and a first solenoid valve are arranged on the lower portion of the main drainage pipe; an atomization device is arranged on the side face of the air-conditioner indoor unit, and the atomization device comprises a second water storage tank, an atomization tank and a water pump; a filter screen layer, an activated carbon layer, a PP cotton layer and a filter water storage cavity are sequentially arranged inside the second water storage tank from top to bottom; an ultrasonic atomizer and a venturi tube are arranged in the atomization tank; and a plastic threaded pipe is arranged on the upper portion of the atomization tank. The air-conditioner condensate water recovery device can collect condensate water, refrigeration cold contained in the condensate water can be fully used for cooling the air-conditioner outdoor unit, and indoor air can be humidified through the collected condensate water.

The invention discloses a method and a device for uniformly cladding metallic silver on the surface of a carbon nano tube. The method comprises the steps of preprocessing the carbon nano tube, preparing a silver-ammonia solution and a chemical plating solution, and adopting the device provided by the invention to carry out chemical plating, wherein the device comprises a vacuum pump, a collection bottle, a quartz tube, an ultrasonic atomizer, a microwave-assisted heater, a microwave leakage prevention device and a carrier gas conveyor device; carrying out ultrasonic atomization on the two solutions, contacting and mixing the two atomized matters to react, repetitively washing powder to be neutral, and drying to obtain the carbon nano tube with the surface uniformly cladded by the metallic silver. The carbon nano tube is dispersed in spray droplets, so that the dispersibility of the carbon nano tube and silver plating is improved, the phenomenon of self-decomposition of the solution in a conventional chemical plating method, the generation of large-particle monomer silver and the occurrence of silver mirror reaction are avoided, the prepared cladding layer is uniform, and the sliver particle size is nano-scaled; the whole process is simple, the device is simple and convenient, convenient to operate, and energy-saving and environmental-friendly, and mass production can be realized.

The invention relates to a method for rapidly preparing a water-soluble quantum dot by an ultrasonic spraying method with continuous production, which comprises the following steps that: cadmium ions or zinc ions and hydrogen (or selenide) telluride or sodium hydrogen telluride (or selenide) react to obtain a precursor solution of cadmium (zinc) telluride (selenide) through the complexation of a mercapto compound. An ultrasonic atomizer is used to atomize the precursor solution to form fogdrops of the precursor solution, and the fogdrops flow through a device with constant temperature to react to obtain the water-soluble quantum dot. The method has the advantages of high speed and continuous quantum dot production, the prepared quantum dot has high fluorescence quantum yield (between 20 and 50 percent), and good monochromaticity of luminescence (the peak width at half height of a fluorescence spectrum within the range of visible light is between 30 and 40nm), and the size of nano-particles can be easily controlled by changing the temperature and flow rate, thereby realizing the adjustment to luminescence peak positions (between 400 and 700nm).

The invention discloses an integrated penetration treatment device used in the ear-nose-throat department. The integrated penetration treatment device comprises a support, wherein a housing is fixed to the top of the support, the inside of the housing is divided into a medicine storage cavity and a pressurization cavity by a partition plate, multiple medicine storage buckets are arranged in the medicine storage cavity, a pressurization bucket is arranged under the medicine storage buckets, an ultrasonic atomizer is installed inside the support, and a probing head and a control computer are respectively arranged on two side faces of the housing. The medicine liquid in the medicine storage buckets of the integrated penetration treatment device used in the ear-nose-throat department is fed into the pressurization bucket to be pressurized, and the pressurized medicine liquid is fed into the ultrasonic atomizer to be atomized and finally is sprayed on the disease position of a patient through a medicine spraying hole. When other medicine liquid is needed to be used, outside water is fed into the pressurization bucket to clean the pressurization bucket by controlling a magnetic valve in a water inlet interface, cleaning waste liquid is discharged out through a waste liquid interface, and accordingly the problem that different medicines are needed for different treatment positions but a transitional device can only spray one medicine is solved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of chemicals, and particularly relates to a device and method for preparing hydrogen peroxide by using plasma discharge. The device is composed of a pulse power source, a water storage tank, a detachable outer wall structure, an ultrasonic atomizer, an array-type discharge electrode, a gas outlet diversion fan and a water mist condensation structure. The ultrasonic atomizer is utilized to generate water mist. The gas inlet hole, gas outlet diversion fan and integrally closed structure of the device are utilized to form an upward gas flow, and the introduced oxygen carries the misty water drops to pass through the discharge region upwards. Under the action of the plasma, double-dielectric barrier discharge occurs to generate the hydrogen peroxide. By using water as the raw material, the preparation process is simple and safe, and no pollutant is generated in the hydrogen peroxide production process, thereby implementing the clean mass chemical production technique of the green oxidizer in deed. The device and method are also suitable for flexible preparation of hydrogen peroxide in the fields of daily necessities, industry and medicine.

The invention relates to a humidification fan, which comprises a fan head, a support pillar of the fan head and a base. The supported pillar is supported on the base; the base is provided with a pulverization cavity and a water storage cavity which are distributed at left and right; the pulverization cavity and water storage cavity are separated through a distant wall; the pulverization cavity is internally provided with an ultrasonic atomizer; the base is also provided with a booster fan for increasing air pressure of the pulverization cavity and a charging pump supplementing water in the water storage cavity to the pulverization cavity; the top cap of the pulverization cavity is provided with a fog outlet; one port of the conveying pipe is communicated with the fog outlet; and the other port stretches to the front position of the fan head. The invention has firm integral structure, and improves the convenience in the process of manufacture, assembly and utilization; and the invention can be applied to products of the humidification fan because of the characteristics.

This invention is about a process for painting drug elution vas internal support and the painting apparatus. It is a process for painting cardiovascular support and the painting apparatus. This invention solves the problem of heterogeneous painting and great material consumption in current support. The painting preparation processes mainly contain cleaning, drying and spraying to prepare drug coating. The painting apparatus mainly contain: support, nozzle, solution bottle, plastic hose, flow instrument, high-pressure tank, nozzle, ultrasonic atomizer, adjustable rotary table and flume. The downside of the support strut connects with the adjustable rotary table; the solution bottle connects with high-pressure tank by the flow instrument, the ultrasonic atomizer, whose top connects with the solution bottle, is installed in the flume. The uniform drug coating is formed by painting ultrasonic nebulized aerosol fogdrop on the surface of the support of certain movement state. This invention can not only paint heterogeneously and decrease surface roughness of support, but also can greatly save painting material.